1. Chapter 18
Section 5

2. Elementary Schools Strict discipline
A push for compulsory school attendance
A curriculum emphasis on reading, writing, and arithmetic
An emphasis on rote learning
Physical punishment
A surge in kindergarteners
An overall pattern of growth
Few public schools opened for blacks
Growth of parochial schools

3. High Schools Overall pattern of growth
Curriculum expanded to cover science, civics, home economics, history, literature, and vocational training
Few public schools open to African-Americans
African-American students attended private high schools

4. Colleges and Universities
Overall pattern of growth
Most students middle- or upper- class
Research universities offered courses in modern languages, engineering, economics, physical sciences, psychology, and sociology as well as professional courses in law and medicine
State universities in the Midwest and California offered inexpensive educations to high school graduates
Medical education restructured to include laboratory experience, as well as biology, chemistry, physics courses
Professional programs established in architecture, engineering, and law
African- American universities founded
Morehouse College >
< NCC
U of I >

5. Education for immigrant adults
- Night school taught immigrants citizenship skills and English
- Employers offered daytime courses to “Americanize” their workers

6. New American Writers
As more Americans gained reading skills “dime novels” became very popular (these told stories of the “Wild West” or “rags-to-riches”).
Realism- Stephen Crane, Jack London, Kate Chopin, and Paul Lawrence Dunbar all wrote about real life struggles and tried to show life as it really was.
Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens) was a realist writer that took it a step further by using the dialect of the South as part of the speech in his book Huckleberry Finn

7. The Newspaper Boom
By 1900 ½ of all newspapers in the world were printed in the United States!
Why?
A more educated American public.
Urbanization – people in cities needed a way to keep informed.