1. Write answers on separate sheet of paper

2. Chinese Philosophies
China was once again unified under Qin Shi-Huangdi after the chaos that came from the fall of the Zhou family
Centralized power in China and started different projects to make it better (The Great Wall of China)
Qin Shi-huangdi tried to destroy opposition: teachers/historians that spoke against him and their works
Three of these Philosophies survived: Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism

3. Confucian Ideas about Government
Confucianism - Ethical system of right and wrong
Started by a teacher named Confucius – Kong Fuzi
He Believed that everybody, poor/rich/noble/king, had duties to perform and certain ways to behave
He journeyed through part of China spreading his teachings to different people, including princes who invited him to court
It is believed he was born into poverty and spent years working his way through the Chinese bureaucracy – gave him time to think about the relationships between people

4. Confucius Urges Harmony
Stressed developing good relationships (family, friends, etc.)
Having good manners and being polite was how the ideal citizen was supposed to be – acting this way towards each other would bring harmony
Harmony means there can be no conflict
Promotes Filial piety— Respect for parents and ancestors
Respect for the elderly is based on the idea that the elders are wiser/more experienced – more worthy
Prestige was usually reserved for male family members/ancestors

5. Confucian Ideas About Government
Confucius believed that that education can transform people
An educated society = people make educated decisions
This went against Qin’s idea that people should only abide by the will of the emperor, so many Confucian scholars were killed because of this
Teachings become foundation for bureaucracy - trained civil service
After Qin died, scholars rewrote Confucius’ teachings into a book – The Analects

7. Daoists Seek Harmony
Daoism: Follow the natural order of life – Be free of desire
Based on the teachings of Lao Tzu – Chinese philosopher/teacher
Lao Tzu believed that All things need to be in balance with nature
Conflict arises when things are not in balance
A Universal force called Dao has things set in motion – if you follow the Dao (life/nature) to flow the way it should, then you will be happier/content in life
Thought emerged during the chaos of later Zhou period – likely a response to disorganization
Some similarity with following duties (Confucianism)

8. Daoists Seek Harmony
Lao Tzu’s ideas about balance and harmony are compiled into a book – Dao De Jing
Key Symbol is the Yin Yang”
One side is the submissive nature of humans – the other is the more aggressive part of humanity (feminine and masculine)
Balance with nature appeals to peasants who are connected to the land
Confucianism – appeals to upper class who moves within bureaucracy
Daoism – appeals to lower class

9. Legalism

10. Legalists Urge Harsh Rule
Chinese Philosopher Hanfeizi thinks humans can’t be trusted to do the right thing
Humans are immoral, base creatures – will do what is in their best interest
Those actions can bring chaos/disorder
Legalism – Laws needed to keep order
Obedience should be rewarded, disobedience punished
Chinese people were encouraged to report on their family members if they were doing something suspicious/breaking the law
Chinese government also has elements of this today – step out of line and there will be consequences (can be severe