1. Hello Students! Good Morning to all of you!
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2. By : Vijay Gupta at G.M.S.S.S.(B) Fzk. on 03-09-08 to 06-09-08
Topic of the Day
Word Formation
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3. Methods of Word Formation
Using Affixes
Compound formation
Reduplication
Initialism
Acronyms
Clipping
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4. By : Vijay Gupta at G.M.S.S.S.(B) Fzk. on 03-09-08 to 06-09-08
…..contd.
Contraction
Elision
blend
Borrowings
Conversions
Inventions
Echoism
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5. By : Vijay Gupta at G.M.S.S.S.(B) Fzk. on 03-09-08 to 06-09-08
1. Using Affixes
Prefixes
(prefixes + base) = new word
un + stable = unstable
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6. By : Vijay Gupta at G.M.S.S.S.(B) Fzk. on 03-09-08 to 06-09-08
1. Using Affixes
Suffixes
(base + suffixes) = new word
boy + hood = boyhood
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7. By : Vijay Gupta at G.M.S.S.S.(B) Fzk. on 03-09-08 to 06-09-08
1. Using Affixes
Infixes
(between the two base word)
but rarely used
Sher-e-Punjab
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8. By : Vijay Gupta at G.M.S.S.S.(B) Fzk. on 03-09-08 to 06-09-08
2. Compound formation
By joining two or more bases.
Bases separated by hyphen ( though not in all cases)
e.g. Fire-engine
Motor-cycle
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9. By : Vijay Gupta at G.M.S.S.S.(B) Fzk. on 03-09-08 to 06-09-08
3. Reduplication
Words are formed out of two such element as are almost alike.
These element may be identical or slightly different.
e.g. Kit-kat
Trin-trin
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10. By : Vijay Gupta at G.M.S.S.S.(B) Fzk. on 03-09-08 to 06-09-08
4. Initialism
These are words formed by joining together the initial letters of other words and is read letter by letter.
e.g. UN united nations
TV television
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11. By : Vijay Gupta at G.M.S.S.S.(B) Fzk. on 03-09-08 to 06-09-08
5. Acronyms
An Acronym is formed by joining together the initial letters of other words and is pronounced as a word.
e.g. Basic = Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. (a computer language)
AIDS = Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome.
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12. By : Vijay Gupta at G.M.S.S.S.(B) Fzk. on 03-09-08 to 06-09-08
6. Clipping
Some words are used in shortened form by subtracting one or more syllables from a word.
e.g. Phone (Telephone)
Photo (Photograph)
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13. By : Vijay Gupta at G.M.S.S.S.(B) Fzk. on 03-09-08 to 06-09-08
7. Contraction
A word written with a part missing from the middle .
e.g. Ms. (Miss)
Dept. (Department)
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14. By : Vijay Gupta at G.M.S.S.S.(B) Fzk. on 03-09-08 to 06-09-08
8. Elision
A word or a combination of words with an apostrophe to mark the missing letter of letters.
e.g. I’ve = ( I have)
Bir’day = (Birthday)
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15. By : Vijay Gupta at G.M.S.S.S.(B) Fzk. on 03-09-08 to 06-09-08
9. Blend
A fusion of two words, shortened and combined into one.
e.g. brunch = [ breakfast+lunch]
internet = [international+network]
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16. By : Vijay Gupta at G.M.S.S.S.(B) Fzk. on 03-09-08 to 06-09-08
10. Conversion
Some words can be used as nouns, verbs, adverbs or adjective without any change in the form of the word.
e.g. He is observing a fast today (noun).
He ran fast to catch the bus (adverb).
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17. By : Vijay Gupta at G.M.S.S.S.(B) Fzk. on 03-09-08 to 06-09-08
11. Borrowings
By borrowing words from other languages.
e.g. Bazaar (Persian)
Guru (Hindi)
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18. By : Vijay Gupta at G.M.S.S.S.(B) Fzk. on 03-09-08 to 06-09-08
12. inventions
By taking words from different inventions
e.g. X-rays
astronaut
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19. By : Vijay Gupta at G.M.S.S.S.(B) Fzk. on 03-09-08 to 06-09-08
13. Echoism
Some words are formed by the sounds that suggest their meanings.
e.g. click
Tick
whisper
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20. Thanks for having kind attention.
By: Vijay Gupta
M.A.,B.Ed.,PGCTE
Govt. Model Secondary School Arni Wala S.S.
Distt. Ferozepur (Punjab)
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21. An introduction to Linguistics Pushpinder Syal - D.V. Jindal
Resource Books
An introduction to Linguistics
Pushpinder Syal - D.V. Jindal
Prantice-Hall of India
2. Learners’ Grammar Dictionary
Dr. George Stern
Learners’ Publishing, Australia
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22. Four Days Computer Seminar At Govt. Model Sr. Sec. School (B)
Prepared at
Four Days Computer Seminar
On to
At Govt. Model Sr. Sec. School (B)
Fazilka
Microsoft Trainer
Mr. Amit Lota
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23. By : Vijay Gupta at G.M.S.S.S.(B) Fzk. on 03-09-08 to 06-09-08
The End
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