1. The Steps to World War I
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2. The Steps to World War I
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4. June 28, 1914
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to throne of Austria-Hungary, and his wife at Sarajevo, Bosnia.
Austria blames Serbia.
Black Hand’s stated aim was:
"To realize the national ideal, the unification of all Serbs. This organisation prefers terrorist action to cultural activities; it will therefore remain secret."
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8. July 2, 1914
Emperor Franz Josef (Austria) sends a letter to Kaiser Wilhelm II (Germany) asking for support.
Austria-Hungary has not been lacking in good will and in the spirit of conciliation, to bring about reasonably good relations with Serbia, but it has just been shown that these efforts have been completely impotent and that the Monarchy must expect in the future to deal with the bitter, irreconcilable and aggressive enmity of Serbia.
In these conditions the Monarchy must tear away with a strong hand the net in which its enemy seeks to entangle it.
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9. July 5, 1914
Germany sends a telegram indicating it would honour its treaty obligations to support Austria (known historically as the German ‘blank cheque’)
…Finally, as far as concerns Serbia, His Majesty, of course, cannot interfere in the dispute now going on between Austria-Hungary and that country, as it is a matter not within his competence. The Emperor Francis Joseph may, however, rest assured that His Majesty will faithfully stand by Austria-Hungary, as is required by the obligations of his alliance and of his ancient friendship…
Telegram from the Imperial Chancellor, von Bethmann-Hollweg, to the German Ambassador at Vienna. Tschirschky, July 6, 1914
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12. July 23, 1914
Austria delivers an ultimatum to Serbia, demanding a response in 48 hours.
Wien, am 22. Juli,1914
Euer Hochwohlgeboren wollen die nachfolgende Note am Donnerstag, den 23. Juli nachm., der königlichen Regierung überreichen: »Am 31. März 1909 hat der königlich serbische Gesandte am Wiener Hofe im Auftrage seiner Regierung der k. und k. Regierung folgende Erklärung abgegeben: …
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13. July 25, 1914
Serbia responds to the ultimatum by agreeing to many, but not all, of the terms.
"Part of your demands we have accepted... For the rest, we place our hopes on your loyalty and chivalry as an Austrian general." Serbian Prime Minister Nikola Pasic
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14. July 28, 1914 Austria sends a telegram to Serbia declaring war.
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15. July 30, 1914
Russia, in support of Serbia, proclaims a general mobilization
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18. July 31, 1914
France, as Russia’s ally, also authorizes a full mobilization
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21. August 1, 1914
Germany declares war on Russia
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22. August 3, 1914
Germany declares war on France
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23. August 2-4, 1914
Germany puts Schlieffen Plan into motion, invading neutral Luxembourg and Belgium.
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26. August 4, 1914
Because of treaty agreements guaranteeing Belgian neutrality, Great Britain, along with Australia and Canada, declare war on Germany.
From a Canadian perspective, World War I had now begun.
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29. 1914 - 1917 1914 (Aug 5) – Montenegro joins the Allied Powers
1914 (Aug. 23) – Japan joins the Allied Powers by declaring war on Germany
1914 (Oct. 29) – Turkey joins the Central Powers
1915 (May 23) – Italy joins the Allied Powers
1915 (Oct. 14) – Bulgaria joins the Central Powers
1916 (August 27) – Romania joins the Allied Powers
1917 (Apr. 6) – The United States joins the Allied Powers
1917 (Jun. 27) – Greece joins the Allied Powers
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37. Countries Involved in World War I
Peru Portugal Romania Russia San Marino Serbia Siam Turkey United Kingdom United States of America a
Uruguay
Germany Greece Guatemala Haiti Honduras Italy Japan Liberia Montenegro New Zealand Nicaragua Panama
Australia Austria-Hungary Belgium Bolivia Brazil Bulgaria Canada China Costa Rica Cuba Ecuador France
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38. Glossary
Alliance - An association to further certain common interests of the members.
Mobilization - To make ready or muster forces for military service.
Neutral - Does not take sides, impartial.
Schlieffen Plan - A strategy drawn up by Germany to avoid fighting a war on two fronts
Treaty – a legal agreement detailing a relationship between countries
Ultimatum - Terms presented by one power (or group of powers) to another
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39. Glossary
Alliance - An association to further certain common interests of the members.
Mobilization - To make ready or muster forces for military service.
Neutral - Does not take sides, impartial.
Schlieffen Plan - A strategy drawn up by Germany to avoid fighting a war on two fronts
Treaty – a legal agreement detailing a relationship between countries
Ultimatum - Terms presented by one power (or group of powers) to another
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40. Glossary Neutral - Does not take sides, impartial.
Alliance - An association to further certain common interests of the members.
Mobilization - To make ready or muster forces for military service.
Neutral - Does not take sides, impartial.
Schlieffen Plan - A strategy drawn up by Germany to avoid fighting a war on two fronts
Treaty – a legal agreement detailing a relationship between countries
Ultimatum - Terms presented by one power (or group of powers) to another
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41. Glossary
Alliance - An association to further certain common interests of the members.
Mobilization - To make ready or muster forces for military service.
Neutral - Does not take sides, impartial.
Schlieffen Plan - A strategy drawn up by Germany to avoid fighting a war on two fronts
Treaty – a legal agreement detailing a relationship between countries
Ultimatum - Terms presented by one power (or group of powers) to another
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42. Glossary
Alliance - An association to further certain common interests of the members.
Mobilization - To make ready or muster forces for military service.
Neutral - Does not take sides, impartial.
Schlieffen Plan - A strategy drawn up by Germany to avoid fighting a war on two fronts
Treaty – a legal agreement detailing a relationship between countries
Ultimatum - Terms presented by one power (or group of powers) to another
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43. Glossary
Alliance - An association to further certain common interests of the members.
Mobilization - To make ready or muster forces for military service.
Neutral - Does not take sides, impartial.
Schlieffen Plan - A strategy drawn up by Germany to avoid fighting a war on two fronts
Treaty – a legal agreement detailing a relationship between countries
Ultimatum - Terms presented by one power (or group of powers) to another
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44. Sources: www.westernfront.co.uk www.worldwar1.com din-timelines.com
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