1. Supreme Court Cases

2. Marbury v. Madison, 1803 Established Judicial Review 3 questions
First, did Marbury have a right to the writ for which he petitioned? Yes
Second, did the laws of the United States allow the courts to grant Marbury such a writ? Yes
Third, if they did, could the Supreme Court issue such a writ? No
Chief Justice Marshall wrote the majority opinion.

3. McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819
Does Congress have the power under the Constitution to incorporate a bank, even though that power is not specifically enumerated within the Constitution? Yes (Article 1 section 8)
Does the State of Maryland have the power to tax an institution created by Congress pursuant to its powers under the Constitution? No
Chief Justice Marshall ruled in favor of McCulloch

4. Gibbons v. Ogden
Expanded the powers of Congress through a single clause in the Constitution: the Commerce Clause of Article I, Section 8.
Chief Justice John Marshall ruled for Gibbons

5. Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896
Argued that separate train cars violated 14th Amendment
A manufactured Case
Established the precedent “Separate but equal”
Majority Opinion: Justice Brown
Dissenting Opinion: Justice Harlan : legally imposed segregation denied political equality

6. Schenck v. United States, 1919
decision concerning enforcement of the Espionage Act of 1917 during World War I
(1st Amendment violation)
Majority Opinion: Justice Holmes Jr. - 1st amendment rights do not include promoting rebellion in times of war.

7. Brown v. Board of Education, 1954
Reversed Plessy v. Ferguson
Included 5 separate cases
Separate is inherently unequal.
Unanimous decision
Majority Opinion- Justice Brown

8.  Evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment, which protects against "unreasonable searches and seizures," may not be used
6-3 decision
Majority Opinion- Justice Clark
Dissenting opinion - Justice Harlan, joined by Justices Frankfurter and Whittaker