1. Ch. 14
Acids
And
Bases

2. Properties of Acids Aqueous solutions of acids have a _____________.
Acids change the ________________.
Some acids react with ____________ and release _______________.
Acids react with ________ to produce __________________.
Acids conduct _______________.
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3. The pH Scale

4. Indicators

5. Acid Nomenclature
_____________: an acid that contains only two different elements, hydrogen and one of the more electronegative elements.
The name begins with ________.
The ___________ of the second element.
The name ends with ______. (ex. HCl = hydrochloric acid)
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6. Acid Nomenclature
_____: an acid that is a compound of hydrogen, oxygen and a third element, usually a nonmetal.
Some common oxyacids:
Nitrous acid: ______
Nitric acid: ________
Sulfurous acid: _______
Sulfuric acid: _______
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7. Common Industrial Acids
______________: used in petroleum refining and production of fertilizer, metals, paints, dyes detergents and as a dehydrating agent.
____________: Used to make rubber, plastics, dyes and pharmaceuticals.
___________________: Used to manufacture fertilizers and animal feeds, as a flavoring agent in beverages (soda).
___________________: Aids digestion, used as a cleaning agent, in food processing, recovery of Mg from sea water.
______________: Vinegar, used to make plastics, food supplements, and as a fungicide.
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8. Properties of Bases Aqueous solutions taste ________.
Bases change the color of _________.
Dilute aqueous solutions of bases feel _______________________.
Bases react with acids to produce ______________________.
Bases conduct _____________.
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9. Arrhenius Acids and Bases
______________: a chemical compound that increases the concentration of H+ ions in aqueous solution.
____________________
_________________: a substance that increases the concentration of OH- ion in aqueous solution.
__________________________
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10. Strengths of Acids
_________________: one that ionizes completely in aqueous solution.
_______________: releases few H+ ions in aqueous solution.
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11. Strengths of Bases ___________________: strong electrolytes.
__________________: weak electrolytes.
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12. BrØsted-Lowry
________________: a molecule or ion that is a proton donor. (H+ is a proton)
__________________: a molecule or ion that is a proton acceptor.
________________________: protons are transferred from one reactant (the acid) to another (the base).
_________________________________
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13. BrØsted-Lowry
________________: an acid that can donate one proton per molecule. (HNO3)
________________: an acid that can donate more than one proton per molecule. (H2SO4)
______________: can donate two protons per molecule.
______________: can donate three protons per molecule.
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14. BrØsted-Lowry
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15. Lewis Acids and Bases
____________: an atom, ion or molecule that accepts an electron pair to form a covalent bond. With this definition, an acid doesn’t need to include hydrogen.
_____________: an atom, ion or molecule that donates an electron pair to form a covalent bond.
_____________________: the formation of one or more covalent bonds between an electron-pair donor and an electron-pair acceptor.
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16. Acid – Base Definitions
Type Acid Base
__________ H+ or H3O OH- producer
producer
_____________ Proton (H+) Proton Acceptor
Donor
_________ Electron-Pair Electron-Pair Donor
Acceptor
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17. Acid – Base Reactions
_________________: the species that remains after a BrØnsted-Lowry acid has given up a proton
__________________: the species that is formed when a BrØnsted-Lowry base gains a proton.
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18. Acid – Base Reactions
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19. Acid – Base Reactions
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20. Acid – Base Reactions
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21. Acid – Base Reactions
Proton transfer reactions_______ the production of the ________ acid and the _____________ base.
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22. __________ is an example of an amphoteric substance:
Amphoteric Compounds
___________________: any species that can react as either an acid or a base.
__________ is an example of an amphoteric substance:
H2SO4 + H2O → H3O+ + HSO4-
acid base acid base1
NH3 + H2O → NH4+ + OH-
base1 acid acid base2
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23. Acid-Base Neutralization
________________: the reaction of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions to form water.
__________: an ionic compound composed of a cation from a base and an anion from an acid.
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24. Acid Rain
Acid rain occurs when industrial processes ______________ that dissolve in atmospheric water to produce __________ ____________.
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25. Ch. 14
The
End
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