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The Brain and Neurons.

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Presentation on theme: "The Brain and Neurons."— Presentation transcript:

1 The Brain and Neurons

2 Neurons Messages carried by the nervous system are electrical signals = impulses Nerve cells that transmit impulses = neurons Sensory neurons: carry impulses from sense organs to the spinal cord and brain Motor neurons: carry impulses from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands Interneurons: connect sensory and motor neurons and carry impulses between them

3 Parts of a Neuron Cell body = largest part containing nucleus and cytoplasm (most metabolic activity occur here) Dendrites = short, branched extensions spreading out from the cell body and they carry impulses from the environment or other neurons towards the cell body Axon = long fibers that carry impulses away from the cell body and ends at the axon terminal

4 A Neuron Section 35-2 Nucleus Axon terminals Cell body Myelin sheath
Nodes Cell body Axon Nucleus Dendrites

5 Synapse At the end of the neuron, the impulse reaches an axon terminal where the impulse may be passed along to another neuron or another cell The location where a neuron can transfer an impulse to another cell = synapse The synapse is a small gap that separates the axon terminal from the dendrites of the next neuron or another cell The terminals contain tiny sacs or vesicles filled with neurotransmitters = chemicals used by a neuron to transmit an impulse across a synapse The impulse will continue with the stimulation exceeds the cell’s threshold

6 Dendrite of adjacent neuron
Figure 35-8 The Synapse Section 35-2 Direction of Impulse Dendrite of adjacent neuron Axon Receptor Vesicle Axon terminal Synaptic cleft Neurotransmitter

7 Reaction activity Reaction time = the amount of time required for an impulse travel from your sensory neurons to your motor neurons

8 Brain and Spinal cord Both are protected by bone
wrapped in 3 layers of connective tissue = meninges layers may have a space between them filled with cerebrospinal fluid which protects (shock absorber) and exchanges nutrients and waste

9 Brain About 100 billion neurons, mainly interneurons
Major parts of the brain: Cerebrum Cerebellum Brain stem Thalamus Hypothalamus

10 Figure 35-9 The Brain Cerebrum Thalamus Pineal gland Hypothalamus
Section 35-3 Pons Pituitary gland Hypothalamus Cerebrum Medulla oblongata Spinal cord Cerebellum Pineal gland Thalamus

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