1. Substance use and Abuse

2. What is a Drug?
In your groups come up with your own definition of a drug.

3. What is a Drug?
Substances other than food which are taken in order to change the way the body or mind works.
Drugs can be…
licit  legal
illicit  illegal
Examples of licit and illicit drugs?

4. Drug Use vs. Abuse Drug Use:
Refers to the use of a drug in order to change the way the body works without interfering with one’s daily activities.
Drug Abuse:
Refers to when a drug begins to affect other aspects of life-for example: School, work, friends, driving.

5. Why do people abuse drugs?
Culture & Media
Peer Pressure
Curiosity
Social Acceptance (fitting in)
Lack of Knowledge of Risks
Celebrations (parties)
Manage Stress (Insecurity, low self concept)
Enhance Performance (steroids)
Manage Mental Health Problems
“p.219 partner activity”

6. What’s the Harm? Safety & Choices Long Term Physical Health Issues
Under the influence you are more likely to make poor choices (drink and drive, fighting, arguing, abuse)
Long Term Physical Health Issues
Mental Health Problems
Cognitive Problems
Affect short term memory and ability to concentrate
Violence & Crime
No quality control for illegal drugs
You never know what you’re getting
Risk for overdose & death

7. Types of Drugs Stimulants:
Drugs that speed up or excite the Central Nervous System.
These drugs make you feel more alert, awake, energetic and often decrease appetite.
e.g. cocaine, amphetamines, tobacco, caffeine

8. Types of Drugs Depressants:
Drugs that slow down/inhibit the functions of the Central Nervous System.
Often make you feel tired/less aware or less sensitive to pain or what is happening in your environment.
e.g. alcohol, opiates (morphine, heroin, codeine), rohypnol

9. Types of Drugs Hallucinogens:
Drugs that distort the senses and one’s awareness or perception of events.
Often cause people to see or hear things that don’t exist.
Can lead people to very dangerous situations!
e.g. LSD, PCP, Ecstacy, Magic Mushrooms, Ketamine

10. Types of Drugs Poisons House Hold cleaners (bleach)
Glue, paint, nail polish
Gasoline used in cars
Inhalants
Very Dangerous to your health!!

11. Drug Use and Abuse
What are the various ways drugs can be taken into the body?
Mouth – ingestion leads to the drug being taken into bloodstream through the walls of the stomach
Inhaled – drug is taken into the bloodstream via the lungs and also the rich supply of capillaries in the nasal passages (absorption).
Smoked – drug is taken into the bloodstream through the alveoli at the lungs.
Absorbed – Drug is taken into the blood through the skin
Injected – Drug is taken in directly to the bloodstream. Skin popping (under skin), Intramuscular (into muscle), mainlining (into a vein)

12. Quiz!...well…not really  “Fact or Myth Quiz!” Think Pair Share 
What are the advantages and disadvantages to drug us?
Personal
Social
Increase Performance
Health/Physical
Financial
Legal

13. Personal Advantages Disadvantages Curiosity Boredom Something to do
Rebel against parents
Manage stress
Disadvantages
May lose control
Curiosity satisfied at what cost
Against family rules/beliefs
Doesn’t fix problems

14. Social Advantages Disadvantages Fit in with a group
Help talking to strangers
To create a image
Disadvantages
Friends change
Gives false sense of confidence
May let friends down
Lose yourself, lose your friends

15. Performance Advantages Disadvantages Stay awake, alert
Improve sport performance
To focus better
To improve concentration
Disadvantages
Difficulty sleeping
Become less motivated
Less alert after/awake drug wears off

16. Physical Health Advantages Disadvantages Control pain Control weight
Gain muscle
Disadvantages
May lead to addiction
Become undernourished
Risks of using steroids
May damage major organs and body systems

17. Financial & Legal Advantages Disadvantages Legal Farming (income)
Cost of Drugs, especially if addicted
Being arrested, Jail time
Lose your job
Jeopardize your future

18. Drug use Continuum… Experimental use Occasional use Regular use
Tried substance once or several times
Motivated by curiosity and peer influence
Occasional use
Infrequent and irregular, usually special occasions or due to availability
Regular use
User actively seeks to experience the drug
User feels in control
Dependence
Use is regular and predictable
User has a psychological and physical need
User feels out of control

19. Alcohol
About 25% of those who start drinking at age 17 or younger develop alcohol dependence. About 10% of those who start drinking at age 21 or older become addicted.
Ethyl alcohol or Ethanol is produced via fermentation of plant sugars
(broken down by yeast organisms).
Fermentation is the chemical conversion of sugar to alcohol.
Top 3 most used drug worldwide
Can you think of the other 2?

20. Alcohol – Short Term Effects
In low doses, alcohol produces:
A relaxing effect
Reduced tension
Lowered inhibitions
Poor concentration
Slow reflexes
Slow reaction time
Reduced coordination
Slower brain activity
Sensations and perceptions that are less clear

21. Alcohol – Short Term Effects
In medium doses, alcohol produces:
Slurred speech
Sleepiness
Altered emotions
Poor vision
Sleepiness and disruption of sleeping patterns
Increased urine production
More blood flow to skin surface
Lower core body temperature

22. Alcohol – Short Term Effects
In high doses, alcohol produces:
Vomiting
Uncontrolled urination
Uncontrolled defecation
Breathing difficulties
Passing out
Alcohol poisoning
Coma
Possible death

23. Short Term Behavioural Effects of Alcohol
Lowered inhibitions
Allows someone to be more comfortable
Less shy
More outgoing
More willing to talk, share feelings, emotions
More willing to do silly things (take risks)
Some people become the opposite
(very aggressive and violent)

24. Alcohol – Long Term Effects
Long-term effects of alcohol
Disrupts normal brain development;
Liver damage and cirrhosis of the liver;
Brain cells die, decreasing brain mass;
Stomach and intestinal ulcers and destroyed organs;
Blood pressure increases, causing heart disease, heart attack, or stroke;
Male sperm production decreases;
Lower levels of iron and vitamin B, causing anemia;
Alcoholism (Addiction)
Death
Fetal alcohol syndrome in unborn children.

25. Which one contains more alcohol?
Which one will get you drunk faster?

26. Which has the most Alcohol??
Beer
Wine
Spirit
5%) alcohol
354ml / 5% = ?
10%) alcohol
177ml / 10% = ?
40%) alcohol
44ml / 40% = ?

27. B.A.C. Blood Alcohol Level
B.A.C. is the ratio of alcohol to total blood volume (measured in %)
How much blood do we have in our body?
impairment occurs at 0.05% %
(not that much right?!)
Legal B.A.C. in Ontario while driving with a full G license is 0.05%
G1 and G2 license cannot have any 0% of B.A.C.

28. Metabolism of Alcohol
Oxidation – the breakdown of alcohol into non harmful parts (ie: water, CO2 and Energy)
96% of alcohol ingested is broken down in the liver
The remaining 4% is excreted through urine, your breath and the skin
Rate of oxidation is usually 1 drink/hour (adults)
The average adult (70 kg male) can metabolize 2/3 of drink per hour. This means it would take over 6 hours to metabolize 5 drinks!
In teenagers the rate of oxidation is lower
Less for younger adults
Less for girls vs boys

29. Oxidation Rate
The body breaks down alcohol in the liver at a fixed rate but the rate is dependent on several factors
Gender (man vs woman)
RMR (resting metabolic rate)
Size (height + weight)
Level of Fitness (↑ Fitness = ↑ RMR)

30. Alcohol Absorption
The rate at which alcohol enters the blood stream after you ingest it
This rate determines your B.A.C.
Factors that increase rate of absorption…
On an empty stomach
Type and amount of food in the stomach
If you’re binge drinking
If you have carbonated drinks
Depending on your age, gender, weight and RMR
The higher the rate of absorption the quicker you become intoxicated and the greater the danger!

31. Alcohol Absorption cont…
Factors that ↓ rate of Absorption
Food rich in protein, fat and carbohydrates
Diluting drinks (juice and vodka)
Light drinks (light beer)
Guys absorb alcohol slower (why?)
Drink a glass of water in between every drink (minimizes hangover)
Contrary to common myth, not even men and women of the same height and weight experience the same effects from consuming identical amounts of alcohol.
Women are affected by alcohol more rapidly because they tend to have a higher proportion of body fat than men. As fat cannot absorb alcohol, it is concentrated at higher levels in the blood. Women also have less of a gastric or stomach enzyme (dehydrogenase) that metabolizes or breaks down alcohol before it enters the bloodstream.
Because of this, women absorb up to nearly 30% more alcohol into their bloodstream than men of the same height and weight who drink the same amount of alcohol. Women are also usually shorter and lighter than men, further concentrating alcohol in their blood. Therefore, when women of average size consume one drink, it will have almost the same effect as two drinks do for the average-size man. If women eat little or skip food entirely, that compounds the effects of drinking alcohol.
Hormone changes during the menstrual cycle can also affect alcohol metabolism adversely, increasing the impact of alcohol.
The bottom line is that a woman who hopes to "hold her own" in drinking against a man is putting herself at great risk.

32. Legal Status & or Consequences in Canada
The legal age to consume or purchase alcohol is 19, 18 in the province of Quebec.
Other legal issues include:
liquor consumed in a place other than residence
intoxication in public places
selling liquor without a license
transporting alcohol
alcohol given to a minor in the family home by the parent
liability issues regarding home hosting, social hosting in other locations
selling to minors

33. What have you learned?
1. Why do you think the police limit the amount of alcohol a person can drink if they are going to operate a vehicle? Make reference to the info in the BAC section.
2. A drinker’s BAC is dependent on what factors?
3. If you are over 19 years old, is it okay to be intoxicated in a public place? Explain.
4. Based on the short term effects of alcohol, why can mixing other drugs with alcohol be dangerous?
5. Based on the long term effects of alcohol, what are three serious conditions a person may develop with prolonged use of alcohol?

34. Be Responsible! Make wiser and responsible choices
Stick to one type of alcohol (avoid mixing)
Always eat properly always especially before consuming alcohol
“a glass of water for every drink rule”
Make your own drinks
Don’t leave your drink unattended
Never drive after drinking!
Don’t get into a car with someone who’s been drinking
Choose a safe environment
Ask your parents
Take care of your friends
Avoid binge drinking or drinking games

35. Call 911 if… Someone passes out from drinking Someone is turning blue
Showing signs of a seizure or heart attack
Vomiting uncontrollably or vomiting in their sleep

36. How to get help… Talk to your parents Teachers Friends Trusted adult
Kids Help Phone
Drug & Alcohol helpline
MADD