1. What happened after Muhammad died in?
632

2. The “Rightly Guided” Caliphs (KAY-lihf)
Abu-Bakr- Yes the man with the name we all love has now taken over.
Umar- The guy who took over after Abu’s death.
Uthman- NEXT
Ali- last but not least, this guy is actually blood related to Muhammad.

4. Abu-Bakr(632-634) Elected to the position
Close to Muhammad and his teachings (Muhammad’s father-in-law)
Battle of Ridda with Bedouins (633)
Took 1st steps to spread Islam outside of peninsula.

6. Umar(634-44) Amir-al-Mu’ minin
Appointed by Abu Bakr
Also a father-in-law
1st to expand beyond the peninsula.
Tolerant of other religions
Jizya- did not force conversion but taxed them.
Killed by a Persian Christian

8. Uthman(644-56) Son-in-law to Muhammad Related to Umayyad family
Did not expand the Empire much but did maintain expanded lands.
Put relatives in positions of high power.
Came up with definitive text for Qur’an.
Killed by Egyptian Rebels.

10. END OF THE FOUR “RIGHTLY GUIDED ONES” AND ELECTIVE SYSTEM.
Ali(656-61)
This Caliph is at the heart of the civil war.
Ali was related to Muhammad.
His power will be challenged
661 Ali is assassinated.
END OF THE FOUR “RIGHTLY GUIDED ONES” AND ELECTIVE SYSTEM.
Mu’awiya fought Ali for position (cousin of Uthman) won position upon Ali’s assassination.

11. Shrine to Ali, people outside to mark and anniversary of his death

12. UMAYYADS (oo-MY-adz) (661-750)
Mu’awiya appoints his son upon death beginning a dynasty.
Moved capital from Mecca to Damascus.
They abandoned simple way of life. FLASHY UMAYYADS.
Organized empire split it into provinces, and military.
This will lead to a split in the religion. Sound familiar?

13. Turned the fringes of the desert into well watered agricultural centers.

14. THE SPLIT
Sunni
Believe that Muslim rulers should follow the Sunna (Muhammad’s example)
Believe our first four caliphs were “rightly guided”
Believe Shi’a have distorted the meaning of various passages
Muslim majority (83-90%).
Shi’a
Believe that a descendent should succeed Muhammad. Remember Ali, they want his death avenged!
Believe Sunni have distorted the meaning of various passages in the Qur’an.
Muslim minority (16-20%).

15. Sufi the 1%

16. The Umayyad caliphate falls
The turmoil between Sunni and Shi’a eventually lead to the fall of the Umayyad
750 down they go.
Who took control?

17. Expansion under the Umyyad by 750A
Expansion under the Umyyad by 750A.D Muslim territory will span about 6,000 miles from the Atlantic to the Indus river.

18. Abbasids (uh-BAS-ihdz) (750-1258)
Right to rule based on fact descendants to Muhammad’s uncle.
These guys meant business they murdered all remaining members of the Umayyad family. Well they missed one Abd al-Rahman he escaped to Spain and will set up an Umayyad caliphate there.
These guys move the capital too. They move it to a new city called Baghdad. This was a key trading location.
Ruled from about

20. The Check is in the mail
With the stability of the Muslim empire Muslim Culture helped grow and advance many sciences. Also during this time important systems and inventions were created. Many we still use today.
For example checks, Muslims created banks and to help the flow of trade they set up letters of credit called sakks. Sakks could be traded in any bank for cash in Europe. Sakk is pronounced check!
Why do you think this sakk system would help the flow of trade?

21. Until Next time when we discuss Muslim Culture.
THE END
Until Next time when we discuss Muslim Culture.
PEACE!