1. Chapter 8: Political Geography

2. Chapter 8: Key Objectives
1. Where are states distributed?
2. Why are nation-states difficult to create?
3. Why do boundaries cause problems?
4. Why do states cooperate and compete with each other?

3. Key Issue 1: Where are States Distributed?
Do Now:
Using the KWL chart:
look at the vocab words on the word wall
fill in what you know about each word and what you want to know about each word
WOTD: State: An area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government that has control over its internal and foreign affairs. Objective: SWBAT explain the idea of statehood and sovereignty. TLW identify events that lead to states separating

4. Key Issue 1: Where Are States Distributed?
A state is an area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government that has control over its internal and foreign affairs.
Occupies defined territory
Permanent population
A state has sovereignty, which means independence from control of its internal affairs by other states.

7. Key Issue 1: Where Are States Distributed?
Challenges in Defining States
Disagreement exists about actual number of sovereign states as a result of historical disputes involving more than one claim to a territory.
Reasons for states to separate:
War
Differing political ideology (democracy, republic, communist, socialist)
Authoritarian government
Unjust laws
Lack of law and order
National Debt
Religious, Ethnic, Cultural differences among citizens

9. Brief History of North and South Korea:
Check for Understanding Questions:
What was the turning point in Korean History?
Why did the two countries split after WWII?
What type of government rules North Korea? South Korea?
What issues prevent them from reuniting?

10. Key Issue 1: Where Are States Distributed?
Nation: group with a common culture (think ethnicity)
Nation-state: a country whose population possesses a substantial degree of cultural homogeneity and unity.
Stateless nation: is the case of an ethnic group of people without a state
A microstate (or mini-state) is a sovereign state having a very small population or very little land area

11. Key Issue 1: Where are States Distributed?
Do Now: In your own words define the following key terms: State Microstate Sovereignty
WOTD: Self Determination: the process by which a country determines its own statehood and forms its own allegiances and government. Objective: SWBAT explain the development of nation- states. TLW identify the differences between nation- states and multinational state.

16. Key Issue 2: Why Are Nation- States Difficult to Create?
Do Now:
Questions:
What countries are involved in this political cartoon?
What is happening in this political cartoon?
What do you think this political cartoon represents?

17. Today’s objective:
SWBAT explain the idea of colonialism. TLW describe the impact colonization had on minorities and small nations- states.

19. History of Colonization in Africa:
History of Colonization in Africa:

20. Discussion Questions:
What happened during the colonial imperialism in Africa?
What major figures or countries were involved with the Scramble for Africa?
Were the indigenous people in Africa treated fairly? Why or why not?
What reasons did Europeans have for coming into Africa?
How would you define imperialism in your own words?
Were there any parts of Africa that were able to stay independent?

21. The Berlin Conference:
In 1884 at the request of Portugal, German chancellor Otto von Bismarck called together the major western powers of the world to negotiate questions and end confusion over the control of Africa.
14 countries were represented at the conference, which was held on November 15, 1884.
At the time of the conference, only the
coastal area Africa were colonized
By 1914, the conference participants had
fully divided Africa among themselves
into 50 countries.

22. Key Issue 3: Why Do Boundaries Cause Problems?
Do Now:
Questions:
What was the Scramble for Africa?
What happened at the Berlin Conference?
Define colonialism.

23. Today’s objective:
SWBAT define what a boundary is and identify the two different types of boundaries. TSW explain the advantages to each type of boundary. TLW argue whether physical boundaries are beneficial or not and why.

27. What are border walls?

28. Discussion Questions:
How many border walls are there in the world today?
How can walls be effective?
Walls often keep what type of people out? Who does it not keep out?
Why do walls remain popular today?

29. Should there be physical boundaries between States?
Within the last 2 years, there has been an increase in conversation about whether there should be a man- made physical boundary separating the United States and Mexico
However, there is much debate over whether boundaries are a good or bad

30. Key Issue 3: Why Do Boundaries Cause Problems?
Do Now:
Questions:
What is a boundary?
What are the two types of boundaries?
What are the three types of physical boundaries?

31. Today’s objective:
SWBAT identify the five types of state shapes. TSW explain the differences between the state shapes and explain the advantages/ disadvantages of each state shape.

35. Now:
Now, you will be given an arrangement of state shapes. You will have to identify the state shape and explain the advantages/ disadvantages of that state shape. You will glue your states and your explanation to the construction paper.
Example:
Uganda: Compact State
Uganda is a compact state because the distance from the center to any boundary does not vary significantly. The advantage of being a compact state is beneficial because it can lead to better communication within the state between its leaders and the people. The disadvantages to compact states is that just because its small doesn’t make it immune to peacefulness– civil wars and ethnic conflict can still exist.

36. Key Issue 3: Why Do Boundaries Cause Problems?
question

37. Today’s objective:
SWBAT describe the differences among the three regime types. TSW explain the difference between a unitary state and a federal state.

43. Practice:

44. Practice:

45. Practice:

48. Key Issue 3: Why Do Boundaries Cause Problems?
Do Now:

49. Today’s objective:
SWBAT explain the concept of gerrymandering. TSW identify the three ways gerrymandering is conducted.

52. Key Issue 4: Where Do States Face Threats?
Do Now:
Questions:
What is an alliance?
Why would you make an alliance with someone?
What are some positives and negatives to alliances?

53. Key Issue 4: Where Do States Face Threats?
SWBAT describe the functions of the United Nations. TSW identify different military and economic alliances in Europe and describe their purpose.
WOTD:
Alliance:
a relationship among people, groups, or states that have joined together for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose, whether or not explicit agreement has been worked out among them. Members of an alliance are called allies

54. Alliances: Military Alliance:
an international agreement concerning national security, when the contracting parties agree to mutual protection and support in case of a crisis that has not been identified in advance.
Economic Alliance:
Alliance between nations that deals with the organization of the money, industry, and trade of a country, region, or society

60. Key Issue 4: Where Do States Face Threats?
Do Now:
Questions:
What is terrorism?
Why do you think terrorist commit acts of terrorism?
What do you think could be done to prevent acts of terrorism?