1. U.S. History 2011-12 Mr. Cross PART III
Final Exam Review
U.S. History
Mr. Cross
PART III

2. Cold War NATO Warsaw Pact Marshall Plan Truman Doctrine Germany/Berlin
U.S. and their allies
Capitalist, democratic, non-communist countries
Warsaw Pact
Soviet Union and their allies
Many taken by force, have no choice
Communist dictatorships, puppet governments
Marshall Plan
U.S. gives economic aid to recovering European democracies
An effort to stop the spread of communism during crisis after WWII
Truman Doctrine
Gave $400m to aid Greece and Turkey in their fight against communism
Pledged that the U.S. would aid any country attempting resist communism
Germany/Berlin
Germany split into four zones after WWII
3 controlled by NATO form West Germany
Soviet Union turns their zone into E. Germany
Berlin split into four zones as well, however, all were inside Soviet territory

3. NATO v. Warsaw Pact

4. Cold War “Containment” Berlin Blockade Berlin Airlift
U.S. policy of not allowing communism to spread outside of its existing boundaries
Soviet Union, China
Main reason for the start of Korean War
Berlin Blockade
Soviet Union blocks all land/water entrances into Berlin in response to NATO countries merging their 3 territories into W. Germany
Threatens war is anyone breaches blockade
Berlin Airlift
U.S./NATO countries fly supplies into Berlin for several weeks
Eventually the Soviet Union ends the blockade
Korean War ( )
Fought to stop spread of communism into Korea
War ends w/ a communist N. Korea and democratic S. Korea
Bay of Pigs Invasion
Cuban exiles trained by U.S. SF to assassinate and overthrow Fidel Castro
They are captured/killed and invasion fails
Huge embarrassment for U.S.

5. Cold War Cuban Missile Crisis
Soviet Union places nuclear missiles on Cuba, in response to U.S. nuclear weapons in Turkey
Tense standoff that lasts for about two weeks
U.S. blockades Cuba – No supplies in or out
Eventually reach a mutual agreement to remove nuclear missiles from threatening locations

6. Civil Rights Movement Dred Scott v. Sandford (1896)
Established the doctrine of “separate but equal”
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)
Ruled that “separate but equal was unconstitutional”/ended segregation
Jim Crow Laws
Discriminated against Southern blacks
Enforced segregation
Took rights away from Southern blacks such as the right to vote, own land and assemble peacefully
Peaceful Protests
The preferred method of protest by MLK Jr.
Sit-ins, boycotts and marches
Sit-ins and boycotts by far the most successful
Montgomery Bus Boycott – Response to Rosa Parks
Violent Protest
Riots, fighting back against police and Southern whites
The more preferred method of protest for activists like Malcolm X