Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

12.1 DNA and RNA.

Published byJosé Manuel Santos Fernández Modified over 6 years ago

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "12.1 DNA and RNA."— Presentation transcript:

1 12.1 DNA and RNA

2 Section Outline 12–1 DNA A. Griffith and Transformation
1. Griffith’s Experiments 2. Transformation B. Avery and DNA C. The Hershey-Chase Experiment 1. Bacteriophages 2. Radioactive Markers D. The Structure of DNA 1. Chargaff’s Rules 2. X-Ray Evidence 3. The Double Helix

3 Percentage of Bases in Four Organisms
Section 12-1 Percentage of Bases in Four Organisms Source of DNA A T G C Streptococcus Yeast Herring Human

4 Figure 12–2 Griffith’s Experiment
Section 12-1 Heat-killed, disease-causing bacteria (smooth colonies) Harmless bacteria (rough colonies) Control (no growth) Harmless bacteria (rough colonies) Heat-killed, disease-causing bacteria (smooth colonies) Disease-causing bacteria (smooth colonies) Dies of pneumonia Dies of pneumonia Lives Lives Live, disease-causing bacteria (smooth colonies) :

5 Figure 12–2 Griffith’s Experiment
Section 12-1 Heat-killed, disease-causing bacteria (smooth colonies) Harmless bacteria (rough colonies) Control (no growth) Harmless bacteria (rough colonies) Heat-killed, disease-causing bacteria (smooth colonies) Disease-causing bacteria (smooth colonies) Dies of pneumonia Dies of pneumonia Lives Lives Live, disease-causing bacteria (smooth colonies)

6

7

8

9 Hershey-Chase Experiment
Section 12-1 Bacteriophage with phosphorus-32 in DNA Phage infects bacterium Radioactivity inside bacterium Bacteriophage with sulfur-35 in protein coat Phage infects bacterium No radioactivity inside bacterium

10 Hershey-Chase Experiment
Section 12-1 Bacteriophage with phosphorus-32 in DNA Phage infects bacterium Radioactivity inside bacterium Bacteriophage with sulfur-35 in protein coat Phage infects bacterium No radioactivity inside bacterium

11 http://glencoe. mcgraw-hill

12 Hershey-Chase Experiment
Section 12-1 Bacteriophage with phosphorus-32 in DNA Phage infects bacterium Radioactivity inside bacterium Bacteriophage with sulfur-35 in protein coat Phage infects bacterium No radioactivity inside bacterium

13 DNA Nucleotides Purines Pyrimidines Section 12-1 Phosphate group
Adenine Guanine Cytosine Thymine Phosphate group Deoxyribose

14 Chargaff’s Rule – Base Pairing Rule
Source of DNA A T G C Streptococcus Yeast Herring Human % of A ≈ % of T % of G ≈ % of C

15

16 Rosalind Franklin X Ray diffraction
Shaped is twisted Contain two strands

17 Watson and Crick Model

18 Structure of DNA Nucleotide Hydrogen bonds Sugar-phosphate backbone
Section 12-1 Nucleotide Hydrogen bonds Sugar-phosphate backbone Key Adenine (A) Thymine (T) Cytosine (C) Guanine (G)

19 Prokayrotic vs. Eukaryotic DNA

20 Prokaryotic Chromosome Structure
Section 12-2 Chromosome E. coli bacterium Bases on the chromosome

21 How DNA is packaged

22 Chromosome Structure of Eukaryotes
Section 12-2 Human cells contain over one meter of DNA! How? Nucleosome Chromosome DNA double helix Coils Supercoils Histones Wrapped around proteins (histones and nucleosomes)

Download ppt "12.1 DNA and RNA."

Similar presentations

End Show Slide 1 of 37 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Biology.

End Show Slide 1 of 37 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Biology.
End Show Slide 1 of 37 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Biology.

End Show Slide 1 of 37 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Biology.
DNA. 12–1 DNA Griffith and Transformation I Griffith and Transformation In 1928, British scientist Fredrick Griffith was trying to learn how certain.

DNA. 12–1 DNA Griffith and Transformation I Griffith and Transformation In 1928, British scientist Fredrick Griffith was trying to learn how certain.
DNA Structure & Function Watson, Crick, and Franklin’s crystallography image.

DNA Structure & Function Watson, Crick, and Franklin’s crystallography image.
Disease-causing bacteria (smooth colonies) Harmless bacteria (rough colonies) Heat-killed, disease- causing bacteria (smooth colonies) Control (no growth)

Disease-causing bacteria (smooth colonies) Harmless bacteria (rough colonies) Heat-killed, disease- causing bacteria (smooth colonies) Control (no growth)
End Show Slide 1 of 37 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 12–1 DNA.

End Show Slide 1 of 37 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 12–1 DNA.
EQ: How did the structure of DNA lead scientist to the function of the molecule?

EQ: How did the structure of DNA lead scientist to the function of the molecule?
Chapter 12.  1928 – Griffith  Discovered bacteria transferred something between them that changed them into a new strain.  Called this “bacterial transformation”.

Chapter 12.  1928 – Griffith  Discovered bacteria transferred something between them that changed them into a new strain.  Called this “bacterial transformation”.
What we’ve learned so far… Cells make proteins Genetic information is passed on through chromosomes Compacted DNA and proteins= chromosomes Genetic information.

What we’ve learned so far… Cells make proteins Genetic information is passed on through chromosomes Compacted DNA and proteins= chromosomes Genetic information.
Interest Grabber Order! Order! Genes are made of DNA, a large, complex molecule. DNA is composed of individual units called nucleotides. Three of these.

Interest Grabber Order! Order! Genes are made of DNA, a large, complex molecule. DNA is composed of individual units called nucleotides. Three of these.
Opener: What controls all cell activities and determines our features?

Opener: What controls all cell activities and determines our features?
12–1 DNA Photo credit: Jacob Halaska/Index Stock Imagery, Inc.

12–1 DNA Photo credit: Jacob Halaska/Index Stock Imagery, Inc.
DNA.

DNA.
NUCLEIC ACIDS Chapter 12 DNA and RNA. Where did we find Genes and who discovered them?  In 1928 Frederick Griffith tried to figure out how bacteria made.

NUCLEIC ACIDS Chapter 12 DNA and RNA. Where did we find Genes and who discovered them?  In 1928 Frederick Griffith tried to figure out how bacteria made.
Jeopardy DNA1 DNA2 DNA3 DNA4 DNA5 Q $100 Q $200 Q $300 Q $400 Q $500 Q $100 Q $200 Q $300 Q $400 Q $500 Final Jeopardy.

Jeopardy DNA1 DNA2 DNA3 DNA4 DNA5 Q $100 Q $200 Q $300 Q $400 Q $500 Q $100 Q $200 Q $300 Q $400 Q $500 Final Jeopardy.
DNA. How was DNA discovered? There were 3 major experiments that led to the discovery of DNA as the genetic material. –Griffiths Transformations –Avery.

DNA. How was DNA discovered? There were 3 major experiments that led to the discovery of DNA as the genetic material. –Griffiths Transformations –Avery.
DNA. Contained in chromosomes containing DNA and protein Nucleic acid is made up of nucleotides – Nitrogenous base – Deoxyribose sugar – Phosphate.

DNA. Contained in chromosomes containing DNA and protein Nucleic acid is made up of nucleotides – Nitrogenous base – Deoxyribose sugar – Phosphate.
Chapter 12 DNA and RNA transformation, bacteriophage, nucleotide, base pairing, chromatin, histone, replication, DNA polymerase, gene, messenger RNA, ribosomal.

Chapter 12 DNA and RNA transformation, bacteriophage, nucleotide, base pairing, chromatin, histone, replication, DNA polymerase, gene, messenger RNA, ribosomal.
Chapter 12 DNA and RNA transformation, bacteriophage, nucleotide, base pairing, chromatin, histone, replication, DNA polymerase, gene, messenger RNA, ribosomal.

Chapter 12 DNA and RNA transformation, bacteriophage, nucleotide, base pairing, chromatin, histone, replication, DNA polymerase, gene, messenger RNA, ribosomal.
The History of DNA. 1.Griffith- experiment showed that live uncoated bacteria acquired the ability to make coats from dead coated bacteria. He called.

The History of DNA. 1.Griffith- experiment showed that live uncoated bacteria acquired the ability to make coats from dead coated bacteria. He called.

Similar presentations

Ads by Google