1. James Madison

2. Who is Madison? Born in VA Enlisted in Continental Army but too small
Princeton  Lawyer
Father of the Constitution and Bill of Rights
Secretary of State during Jefferson’s Presidency

3. War of 1812 - Causes Impressment Violated neutrality
Economic Pressures
Embargo Act of 1807
Native American Attacks
War Hawks

4. Principles we fought for
Defend our neutrality
Freedom of the seas
Defend our self interest
Would this be a violation of Washington’s policy to keep the US out of war and to stay neutral?

5. Economic Pressures
Embargo Act of 1807 stopped trade with all countries
Under Jefferson
Repealed in 1809 on all European nations except F&B
France starts trading with US
Madison’s strategy to refuse to buy British goods paid off
British economy began to fail

6. Tecumseh and Tippecanoe
Increased amount of settlers sparked Native American rebellion
British arming Native Americans
Natives led by Tecumseh and younger brother, “The Prophet”
William Henry Harrison
Gov of Indiana territory
Sent troops to put down resistance
Battle of Tippecanoe
200 soldiers dead/wounded
Harrison wins
“Prophet” killed in the battle
Tecumseh and followers flee to present day Canada

7. War Hawks Politician that advocate for war with Britain
Most came from the south and west
Henry Clay (KY) and John C. Calhoun (SC)
Most DRs have allegiance to France, not Britain
Nations reputation was in danger if the US did not go to war
Must stop British from seizing American ships
Stop British from arming Native Americans

8. Clay and Calhoun

9. War of 1812 1812 – 1815 “Mr. Madison’s War” US unprepared to fight
Didn’t have nation’s support
US unprepared to fight
7,000 troops, little equipment, no money
Fought mainly on sea and US territory with Canada
Capitol and White House burned down
Battle of New Orleans
Led by Andrew Jackson
National Hero

11. Treaty of Ghent
British and US negotiate a peace treaty in Ghent, Belgium
Stalemate
Neither side won
Neither lost/gained territory
America’s first war
Unified country
Increased nationalism
Battle of Fort McHenry = Star Spangled Banner