1. Structures and Functions of Living Organisms
Understand the hazards caused by agents of disease that affect living organisms

2. Structures and Functions of Living Organisms
Summarize the basic characteristics of viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites relating to the spread, treatment and prevention of disease
8.L.1.2
Explain the difference between epidemic and pandemic as it relates to the spread, treatment and prevention of disease

3. Diseases
Disease
A condition that prevents the body from functioning properly

4. Agents of Disease
Not this kind of Agent!

5. Agents of Disease Many diseases in humans are caused by microorganisms
Not a “Fun Guy”
Many diseases in humans are caused by microorganisms
Living thing that can not be seen without a microscope
Also called microscopic
Needs to be seen with a microscope
Microbiology is the study of these organisms
Includes the study of viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and some fungi
single-celled organisms with animal-like behaviors

6. Agents of Disease Fungus One-celled or many-celled organisms
Most that cause disease are one-celled
Such as Yeasts, molds, and mildew
Many-celled fungi do not usually cause disease
Such as mushrooms and shelf fungi
Fungi cells are similar to plant and animal cells
They have a nucleus and membranes

7. Agents of Disease Parasite
An organism that lives on or in another organism and benefits at the other organism’s expense
Uses the tissues or fluids of the host as a food source
Organism on which it lives
Can weaken or sicken the host

8. Agents of Disease Virus
Microscopic core of genetic material surrounded by a protein coating
Causes illness when they infect a living cell
Viruses are not living organisms
Not made up of cells
Do not carry out any functions of life except reproduction
Must infect a living cell to reproduce
Examples above are Ebola and Flu

9. Agents of Disease Bacteria One celled organisms (prokaryotes)
Does not have a nucleus contained in a membrane
Also lacks other similarities to plant and animal cells
Grouped according to shape
Spirillum: spiral shape (corkscrew)
Bacillus: rod shaped
Coccus: round or spherical shaped

10. Fungi and Disease Fungi can invade many parts of the body
From skin infections, to more serious problems with bones, lungs and heart
Ringworm is a common example
Neck, scalp, groin or feet
Molds can lead to lung problems such as allergies, asthma attacks, and pneumonia
Crash Course Video (12 minutes)

11. Diseases Caused by Parasites
Most parasites do not kill their host
If they did, they would lose the benefits of the host
They use the host of nourishment
This sickens the host
5 Worst Parasites (3:30 minutes)

12. Bacteria and Disease Bacteria can be found everywhere
Water and soil
All surfaces people touch daily
Some can be useful to break down remains of dead organisms
Many are pathogens
Biological agent that causes disease or illness to its host. 
They enter through food and drink, or through cuts on your skin

13. Bacteria and Disease Once inside the body, they reproduce quickly
Can act as parasites once inside the body by using nutrients
Most cause disease producing poisons that disrupt normal cell functions
Examples include cholera, salmonella, pneumonia, and typhoid fever

14. Bacteria and Disease
Many diseases caused by bacteria have been brought under control through the use of antibiotics
Drugs that kill bacteria or slow their growth
Over time, some antibiotics have become resistant to treatment
Immune to change
Bacteria Video (4:30 Amoeba Sisters)

15. Viruses and Disease Viruses are not living
Some examples of diseases they cause are:
Smallpox, chickenpox, measles, AIDS, Zika, and the flu (influenza)
To reproduce, they infect a host cell, deposit genetic material, create new virus, then burst out of the cell, killing the cell and starting the process over

16. Viruses and Disease Often produce aches and fevers
Antibiotics do not work to destroy them
Scientists are working on antiviral substances
Drugs that slow down the rate at which the virus reproduces
Virus Rap (4 minutes)

17. Summarizing Strategy Turn in your Notebook to the back of this unit.
Find the Activity
List 3 new things/ideas
List 2 things you found interesting
State 1 thing that confused you

18. Public Health
Real life scientists are working to control the spread of diseases
But not this…

19. Time to Spread Disease!
You will be given an instruction sheet, do not go ahead, follow all directions closely.
Do not peek in your cup, do not touch the contents, you will be able to eat them after the experiment (and we don’t need to spread any real diseases.)
When we are done with the process, answer the questions on the sheet to be collected by the teacher.

20. Keeping People Healthy
Public health is the science that deals with protecting and improving the health of the people in the community
They make sure that food, water, and medicines are safe
Scientists develop and test new medicines
Some are disease detectives
They research diseases and look for ways to prevent them
They study how pathogens function
They look for ways to prevent and predict the spread of diseases
Disease Detectives (4 minutes)

21. Widespread Diseases Infectious Diseases
Diseases that can be passed from one organism to another
The common cold, chickenpox, measles, and AIDS
Some spread more easily than others

22. Widespread Diseases Two classifications:
Epidemic
An outbreak that affects many people in an area
Pandemic
An epidemic that spreads over a larger area or over the whole world
Stopping them can be very difficult
Can vary in length of time and have occurred throughout history
Epidemics and History (3:35 minutes)

23. Infectious Diseases in Plants and Animals
Many diseases in plants are caused by fungi
Wheat rust and corn smut
Cattle are affected by a disease called Hoof-and-mouth disease
Can be costly to farmers
Epidemics can reduce food supplies

24. Vectors Vectors Avoid these diseases by avoiding the vectors
An organism that transmits a disease
Malaria is an example
Caused by a parasite in the blood transferred by mosquitoes
Mosquitoes also transmit Yellow Fever and West Nile disease
Zika is another example
Caused by a virus that is carried and transferred by mosquitoes
Ticks can be vectors of Lyme disease
Avoid these diseases by avoiding the vectors
Use bug repellant and wear long clothes

25. Preventing Infectious Disease
Good hygiene is a primary way to avoid infectious diseases
Wash hands frequently
Bath regularly
Cover your mouth when you cough or sneeze
Avoid contact with hands
Another way is to kill the pathogens
biological agent that causes disease or illness to its host

26. Preventing Infectious Diseases
Your body naturally can kill many pathogens
The immune system
Vaccines can also prevent pathogens
A weakened or dead form of the pathogen
Stimulates the immune system to make antibodies that destroy the pathogen
Large Y-shaped proteins recruited by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects like bacteria and viruses

27. Preventing Infectious Diseases
CNN Vaccine debate (5 minutes)
Small Pox Vaccine History (6 minutes)
Polio Vaccine History (3 minutes)

28. Summarizing Strategy Turn in your Notebook to the back of this unit.
Find the Acrostic Poem Page
Create a poem using the word OUTBREAK