1. French Revolution
Vocabulary Opener

2. Revolution
Rebel
Revolt
Tradition
Tyranny

3. Taxation
Commoner
Citizen
Inequality
Constitution

4. Republic
Discontent
Abuse of Power
Dictator

5. Revolution - a very great change from things in the past
Rebel - n. a person who rises in opposition against a government
v. the process of fighting against one’s government

6. Revolt - to rise up and fight against the government or other authority
Tradition - the beliefs and ways of doing things that are passed down from parents to children
Tyranny - a government in which a single person rules absolutely in a cruel way

7. Taxation - the act of requiring people to pay the government
Commoner - a lower class person
Citizen - a resident of a town or city, esp. one entitled to civic privileges such as voting

8. Inequality - the condition of not being equal or fair
Constitution - the set of basic laws and principles by which a nation, state, or other organization is governed

9. Republic - a political order headed by an elected or chosen official as opposed to a hereditary monarch
Discontent - a lack of satisfaction
Abuse of Power - misuse of one’s position in power, usually government

10. Dictator - ruler with total power over a country, usually gained by force

11. Causes of the French Revolution:
Soon after the American Revolution, a major revolution broke out in France.
Causes of the French Revolution:  
Social inequality: Since the Middle Ages, France was broken up into three different social classes:
1.    The Clergy: were considered the 1st estate.
2.    The Nobility: were considered the 2nd estate
These classes enjoyed tremendous wealth and did not
have to pay taxes.
3.    The Bourgeoisie (Middle Class): made up the 3rd estate

12. Causes of the French Revolution continued:
A Bankrupt Government: French kings had bankrupted the government through expensive wars, excessive borrowing, and poor money management.
Absolute Monarchy: France was governed by an absolute monarchy, under absolutism, many people were denied basic rights and any say in government.

13. Causes of the French Revolution continued:
The Bourgeoisie grow increasingly discontent with the first and second estates due to heavy tax burden and limited rights as citizens
·      Economic Injustices: The bourgeoisie were enraged by the lavished lives of the upper-classes and the heavy tax burden was placed upon the middle class.
·      The Enlightenment: The ideas of the Enlightenment led many French to question the traditional social classes in France.
·      American Revolution: Its success served as an example for the French to follow.

14. Causes of the French Revolution continued:
·      American Revolution: Its success served as an example for the French to follow.

15. Stages of the French Revolution
National Assembly: The third estate declared itself the National Assembly and vowed to write a new constitution.
Seizure of Bastille on July 14, 1789: The working class stormed a prison in Bastille and peasants began revolting across the countryside attacking nobles.
Declaration of the Rights of Man: The National Assembly abolished the privileges of the first and second estates creating a new constitution for France.

16. The slogan of the Revolution became
"Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity (Brotherhood)."
France now becomes a Constitutional monarchy

17. The Revolution Takes a Radical Turn
·      The events of the French revolution posed a threat to other European rulers who believed that this would serve as a model for their countrymen.
·      As a result France found itself at war with other European countries looking to reestablish the King’s absolute power.
·      The new French government established a special executive committee, The Committee of Public Safety.

18. The Revolution Takes a Radical Turn  
·      Led by Maximilien Robespierre the committee launched the Reign of Terror in 1793 to save the revolution from foreign invasion and domestic protestors.
·      This reign was quite violent and successful as the committee went on the execute any suspected traitors including nobles and priests.

19. Napoleon Bonapart ( )
In 1799, Napoleon seized power in France. By 1805, he had
defeated all the other European powers except England. Napoleon put his relative in power in Italy, Germany, Holland, and Spain, bringing all of these nations under his influence.
Napoleon's inability to invade England, economic problems in Europe caused his boycott of British goods, and the unpopularity of French rule in the rest of Europe created increasing strains on his empire.

20. Napoleon Bonapart ( )
In 1812 Napoleon invaded Russia, the Russians burned their own crops and buildings depriving the French of food and shelter. 300,000 of his men had either deserted or died.
European powers combined to overthrow Napoleon and then restored the old French royal family to the throne in 1814.

21. Code Napoleon Europe The World
Napoleon's Impact on France, Europe, and the World
Code Napoleon
Law code for social equality, religious tolerance, and trial by jury.
Europe
Napoleon introduced the ideas of the French Revolution in the lands he conquered.
The World
French rule is resented, which fuels the growth of nationalism. Napoleon also weakened Spain.
Abolished serfdom
Religious toleration
Reform local laws

22. The Restoration of Europe
After Napoleon's defeat, Europes' rulers met in Vienna to redraw national boundaries. Prince Metternich of Austria was one of the statesmen at the Congress of Vienna.
At Vienna, Great Britain, Russia, Austria and Prussia restored many former rulers and borders, bring Europe back to the way it had been before the French Revolution.

23. The Restoration of Europe
The allied leaders also sought to establish a balance of power - a system in which no single country such as France could ever become powerful enough to dominate other countries.

24. Map of Europe, after the Congress of Vienna, 1815

25. The Significance (importance) of the French Revolution
·      Challenged Divine Right- The revolution challenged the idea of the divine right of kings and the privileges of the nobility in Europe.
·      Shifted Power- Political power shift in Europe from the Kings and Nobility to the Middle Class (bourgeoisie) Removed the ridged social classes from France, clearing the way for the creation of a modern capitalist economy.
· Spread of Nationalism- Napoleon's victories further awakened nationalism.
·     Served as a Model- Both the American and French Revolutions served as models for citizens in other countries (Latin America) seeking political change.