1. Intro to Cells pp

2. Cell Theory 3 parts of the Cell Theory:
All organisms are made of one or more cells
Cells are the basic unit of life
Cells come only from other cells

3. Overview of Cell Types & Domains/Kingdoms*
*Note: There has been some change in domains/kingdoms in the past years. We will discuss it later, but this shows how prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and plant and animal cells fit together.

4. Prokaryotes, generally
single celled organisms
DNA is not membrane-bound
Extremely small (1-10 micrometers)
Two types:
Archaea (ancient, extremophiles)
Bacteria (a.k.a Monera, Eubacteria extremely diverse group)

5. Prokaryotic Features/Structures

6. Prokaryotic Structures* & their functions (1 of 2) *=not always present
Capsule* = jelly-like, allows adhesion, protection from dehydration & invasion
Cell wall=hard structure to protect cell
Plasma membrane=separates interior & exterior of the cell, regulates movement of materials into and out of the cell
Cytoplasm=Liquid-like interior-allows materials to diffuse to/from the cell’s interior structures.

7. Prokaryotic Structures & their functions (2 of 2)
Nucleoid=Made of DNA, contains genetic information, circular, not membrane-bound
Plasmids=small circular satellite DNA
Ribosomes=Location of protein synthesis (60S, smaller than eukaryotes’)
Flagella*=movement

8. Eukaryotic Cells Overview
Have a membrane-bound nucleus (DNA=genetic information is inside)
Have membrane-bound organelles (mini-organs) for cell functions
10x larger than prokaryotes ( micrometers)

9. Eukaryote 1=Animal Cell
Plasma membrane
Lysosome
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondria
Smooth ER
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough Endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes

10. Eukaryote 2=Plant Cell

11. Cell Size
Cell size is determined by maintaining a large surface area to volume ratio
Surface area = cell membrane=how materials get into and out of the cell
Volume = interior of cell=proteins, DNA, cytoplasm, internal structures (must be relatively small to allow materials to move quickly.