1. Democracy Spreads to Africa 23
Democracy Spreads to Africa 23. Name three significant steps towards democracy taken by South Africa in the 1990s?
Countries after Imperialism
Negatives
Positives
Politics
2. Nigeria
Federal system
Civil War
A New Hope
3. South Africa
Apartheid
Nelson Mandela
The empire strikes back

2. Negatives of imperialism
Boundaries are made for convenience, not ethnic or cultural differences.
Did not develop countries, just resources they wanted
Little education, limiting skilled, literate workers to create a new nation.
People do not know how to work within democracy

3. Positives Um…. Some wealth brought to country through export of goods
Trade with imperialized country
Could develop government with model from mother country.

4. Politics
Most try to become democratic or fall into dictatorship, martial law, or military control
Issues with minorities is a constant issue, with their either being mistreated or abusing their power.

5. Nigeria Begins Democracy
Peacefully won independence in 1960
Most populated and richest country in Africa
Adopted federal system, in which the power is shared between state and central authority
Started with three states, each one ethnically different

6. Civil war
Due to ethnic differences one state tried to break away starting a civil war.
Martial law imposed meaning temporary military rule.
In 1970 the war ended, Nigeria was unified, but millions died.

7. A New Hope
After the civil war the country was broken down into 19 units with a stronger central government.
Built up a more modern economy based off oil export.
Still had issues with military power until 1999

8. South Africa Apartheid
1931 became independent member of British commonwealth.
48’ National Party came to power lead by minority white group
Promoted apartheid which is complete segregation of races

9. Nelson Mandela
After many unjust laws black South Africans formed the African National Congress (ANC)
Participated in strikes, boycotts, demonstrations
One leader was Mandela
Promoted economic campaign against apartheid, having other countries help them
Many leaders will be put in jail by the government and the ANC banned

10. Empire Strikes Back 89’ F. W. de Klerk gets elected as president.
Policy is to transform Africa, releases Mandela from prison, and legalizes ANC
Apartheid and segregation laws are repealed
Mandela elected president in 94
De Klerk became VP
96’ brought about a new constitution, including bill of rights, right to housing, education, and health care.