1. Interaction of Cell Structures

2. Structures in Cells
ALL cells start out as fully functional living things
To be functional they must be able to create and maintain substances (ex: ATP) and structures (ex: organelles) 2

3. Essential Tasks for Cells
Obtain food and energy
Convert energy from an external source (sun or food) into a form that the cell can use (ATP)
Construct and maintain molecules that make up cell structures (proteins) 3

4. Carry out chemical reactions (photosynthesis, respiration)
Eliminate wastes (CO2, alcohol, urea)
Reproduce
Keep records of how to build structures (DNA) 4

5. Prokaryotic Cells Smallest living cells Simple internal structure
They lack membrane-bound organelles
They have NO nucleus
The genetic material (DNA) is contained in a Nucleoid
Pro = Before Karyon = nucleus
All bacteria are prokaryotic 5

6. Prokaryotic cells move using flagella
Flagella – long, hair-like projections extending from the cell membrane that propel the cell using a whip-like motion
See Fig on page 33 6

8. Eukaryotic Cells They are larger and DO have a nucleus
They have membrane-bound organelles
Nucleus, vesicles, mitochondria, Golgi body
Organelles function as a “team” to carry out the essential functions
Eu = True Karyon = Nucleus
All plants, animals and fungi are eukaryotic 8

12. Cell Organelles Organelles (small organs)
Specialized structures within cells that each have a specialized function, like nuclei and chloroplasts 12

13. 1. Cytoplasm Fluid cavity made up of mostly water
Suspension medium for the all other organelles

14. 2. Cell Membrane
A structure that separates the cell interior from the outside world
Allows substances to pass into and out of the cell

15. 3. Nucleus
The command centre of the cell that contains the genetic blueprints (DNA)
It is surrounded by a double-membrane

16. Nucleus Illustrations:

17. 4. Nuclear pores
Pores in the nuclear membrane large enough to allow small molecules to leave the cell

18. 5. Nucleolus
a specialized area inside the nucleus responsible for producing ribosome 18

19. 6. Ribosome
Tiny two-part structure found throughout the cytoplasm that help put together proteins

20. 7/8. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
System of flattened membrane-bound sacs and tubes
There are two types:
Rough ER – has ribosomes and synthesizes proteins
Smooth ER – makes proteins and packages it into vesicles for transport to other parts of the cell

21. 9. Vesicle
Small membrane bound transport sac. Some special types of vesicles have different jobs in the cell
Two types:
Lysosome – contains digestive enzymes that break down old cell parts or material brought into cells 21

22. 10.Golgi Apparatus
Stack of flattened membrane-bound sacs that receive vesicles from the ER
Packages the finished products into vesicles for transport to the cell membrane

23. 11. Mitochondria Powerhouse of the cell
Process of cellular respiration where glucose is broken down inside a double membrane to release energy

24. 12. Centrosome
Organelle located near the nucleus that organizes the cell’s microtubules
helps organize the even distribution of cell components when cells divide 24

25. 13. Vacuole
Large, membrane bound fluid filled sac for the temporary storage of food, water or waste products and helps support cell shape

26. 14. Centrosome: Omit

27. Plant Cells vs. Animal Cell
Plant cells have an outer cell wall made of cellulose; animal cells do not
Provides rigidity and protection
Plant cells have one large central vacuole; animal cells have several vacuoles
Provides rigidity and stores wastes, nutrients and is filled with water 27

28. Animal cells have a centrosome; plant cells do not
Involved in animal cell division
Plant cells have chloroplasts; animal cells do not
Chloroplast – plastid that gives green plants their colour and transfers energy in sunlight into stored energy in carbohydrates during photosynthesis