1. Volume 133, Issue 2, Pages 574-586 (August 2007)
ORL-1 Receptor Mediates the Action of Nociceptin on Ascending Myenteric Reflex Pathways in Rats 
Birol Yüce, Andrei Sibaev, Andreas Haaken, Dieter Saur, Hans–Dieter Allescher, Burkhard Göke, Jean–Pierre Timmermans, Martin Storr 
Gastroenterology 
Volume 133, Issue 2, Pages (August 2007)
DOI: /j.gastro
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2. Figure 1
RT-PCR for ORL-1 using total RNA isolated from brain (lane 1), longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus layer (LMMP; lane 2), and mucosa (lane 3) from the ileum, and LMMP (lane 4) and mucosa (lane 5) from the colon. Single bands with the expected size of approximately 120 bp confirmed the expression of rat ORL-1 in the brain and muscle layers of the investigated tissues, whereas the mucosa (lanes 3 and 5) and the negative control (lane 6) showed no specific PCR product.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )
Copyright © 2007 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
Original recordings from (A) rat ileum and (B) rat proximal colon demonstrating the contractile response following EFS (ileum: 10 seconds, 40 V, 5 Hz; colon: 15 seconds, 40 V, 10 Hz) under basal conditions and upon cumulative addition of nociceptin (10−9 − [3 × 10−6] mol) to the organ bath.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )
Copyright © 2007 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

4. Figure 3
Concentration-dependent reduction in EFS-induced contractions (10 seconds, 40 V, 5 Hz) upon cumulative addition of nociceptin (10−9 − [3 × 10−6] mol; *P < .05) to the organ bath for (A) rat ileum and (B) rat colon. This effect was significantly reduced in the presence of [Nphe1]nociceptin(1-13)NH2 (10−6 mol) in the organ bath (+P < .05 vs nociceptin alone), whereas the presence of naloxone (10−6 mol) in the organ bath did not significantly influence the effect of nociceptin. [Nphe1]nociceptin(1-13)NH2 (10−6 mol), when given alone had no effect on the EFS-induced contractions in rat ileum, whereas in rat colon EFS responses were increased at the higher concentrations.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )
Copyright © 2007 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

5. Figure 4
Concentration–response curves of nociceptin on the magnitude of the excitatory ascending reflex response in rat ileum measured as the area under the curve and on the latency (time interval between onset of electrical stimulation and onset of contraction) of the excitatory ascending reflex response. Nociceptin was either added to the stimulation chamber (A) or to the middle chamber (B). Nociceptin caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of the reflex response and a concentration-dependent increase in the latency. *P < .05; **P < .01 compared with the control.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )
Copyright © 2007 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

6. Figure 5
Concentration–response curves of [Nphe1]nociceptin(1-13)NH2 on the magnitude of the excitatory ascending reflex response in rat ileum measured as the area under the curve and on the latency (time interval between onset of electrical stimulation and onset of contraction) of the excitatory ascending reflex response. [Nphe1]nociceptin(1-13)NH2 was either added to the stimulation chamber (A) or to the middle chamber (B). [Nphe1]nociceptin(1-13)NH2 did not influence contraction force or timing of the ascending myenteric reflex.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )
Copyright © 2007 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

7. Figure 6
Effects of nociceptin (10−6 mol), [Nphe1]nociceptin(1-13)NH2 (10−6 mol), and nociceptin (10−6 mol) in the presence of [Nphe1]nociceptin(1-13)NH2 (10−6 mol) on the magnitude of the excitatory ascending reflex response measured as the area under the curve and on the latency (time interval between onset of electrical stimulation and onset of contraction) of the excitatory ascending reflex response. Note that nociceptin effects are reversed in presence of [Nphe1]nociceptin(1-13)NH2. (A) Drugs added in the stimulation chamber. (B) Drugs added in the middle chamber. *P < .05 compared with the control; +P < .05 for reduced effect of nociceptin in presence of [Nphe1]nociceptin(1-13)NH2.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )
Copyright © 2007 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

8. Figure 7
(A) Representative recording of excitatory and inhibitory junction potentials evoked by electrical stimulation. First trace is under basal conditions and the second trace is recorded in the presence of nociceptin (10−6 mol). (B) Effect of nociceptin (10−9 − [3 × 10−6] mol) on electrically induced changes in the membrane potential of rat colonic circular muscle cells. (B) Change of amplitude of the EJP and IJP and the change of IJP duration. The last bar of each set shows the antagonizing effect of [Nphe1]nociceptin(1-13)NH2 (10−6 mol). *P < .05 vs control; **P < .01 vs control; #P < .05 for [Nphe1]nociceptin(1-13)NH2 (10−6 mol) vs nociceptin alone). EJP, excitatory junction potential; IJP, inhibitory junction potential.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )
Copyright © 2007 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

9. Figure 8
Double labeling of whole-mount preparations (A–F; S–Z′) and cryosections (G–R) of rat ileum (A–O) and rat colon (P–Z′) demonstrating co-labeling in myenteric neurons of opioid-receptor like-1 (ORL-1) IR with the neuron endocrine marker protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), or nitric oxide synthase (NOS). CM, circular muscle layer; LM, longitudinal muscle layer; SP, submucous plexus; MP, myenteric plexus. Scale bars always represent 10 micrometers.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )
Copyright © 2007 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions