1. http://static. howstuffworks. com/gif/adam/images/en/proteins-picture

2. Proteins Video

3. Proteins have a wide variety of uses:
Structure (collagen)
Muscle contraction (muscle fiber structures)
Transportation (hemoglobin- carries O2)
Immunity (antibodies)
Carrying out chemical reactions (insulin, enzymes… more to come!)

4. Proteins contain these elements
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
And Sometimes Sulfur

5. Proteins have monomers too…
Carbohydrates are made of monosaccharides
Nucleic Acids are made of nucleotides
Proteins are made of Amino Acids

6. Amino Acids
There are 20 amino acids.
Each amino acid is unique, just like the letters in the alphabet are unique.
The order of amino acids in the proteins determines what that protein will do.

7. The “R” group is what makes each Amino Acid unique!
The “R” group is what makes each Amino Acid unique!

8. Amino acids

9. Amino Acids are strung together using a chemical reaction known as a “condensation reaction”
One amino acid loses a hydrogen
The other amino acid loses a hydrogen and an oxygen
2 hydrogen + 1 oxygen = water (H2O)

10. Making proteins requires that you lose a water molecule!

11. asdfsdafsda

12. Amino Acids joined by peptide bonds form a polypeptide chain

13. Amino Acids interact, and this determines the shape of the protein
Amino Acids interact, and this determines the shape of the protein. This can vary greatly. Size varies, too, depending on the length of the amino acid chain!
Size matters… and shape too…. With proteins

14. The shape of the protein allows the protein to perform certain functions.
If the shape of the protein changes, the protein can no longer do its job.

15. Protein Structure Primary Structure: sequence of amino acids
Secondary Structure: Coils or folds in the polypeptide chain
Tertiary Structure: Results from interactions between the “R” groups
Quaternary Structure: Overall structure resulting from a protein that is made up of 2 or more chains

16. A very special type of protein…Enzymes:
Are used to change how quickly a chemical reaction will happen
This is why they are called “catalysts”

17. Enzymes fit with their “substrates” like a lock fits with a key.

18. Fun animations to watch!

19. Enzymes work at different rates depending onpH
temperature
concentration of the substrate
environmental factors

21. Effect of pH on Enzyme activity

22. Effect of pH on Enzyme activity

24. Affect of Temperature on Enzyme Activity

25. Enzymes will work faster if there is more substrate to work on until….
There is so much substrate that there is not enough enzyme to work.
And vice versa. More enzymes work faster until they run out of substrate.

27. Enzymes are recyclable!
When an enzyme is done with one piece of substrate, it moves on to the next one…
And the next one…
And the next one.
Until the job is done. Quitters are losers!

28. Go ahead. Quit. We’re done.
Loser.
I mean… don’t quit. We still have work to do.