1. The Fundamentals of Bearings

2. Topics for Consideration
Definition
History
Types
Correct Fitting Methods
Lubrication and Care
Fault Diagnosis
Bearing Failure
Closing Facts

3. What is a Bearing?
In engineering terms, a bearing is a device which provides support between at least 2 surfaces, usually 1 being static, other dynamic
The static may be in the form a stationary supporting plane, such as a housing or body
The dynamic may be a shaft providing rotary action, possibly a drive between a motor and gear wheel.

4. Roller Bearings History
?BC - Tree trunks to move stone blocks
40BC - Wooden roller on Roman Nemi Ships rotating table
1500AD - Leonardo Da Vinci’s design within his helicopter designs
1745 – First Caged Roller Bearings in a Clock
1794 – First Patented Roller Bearings (UK)

5. Roller Bearing 1st Real Design

6. Why we use Bearings
With parts moving against each other, friction is caused
Friction causes wear, which leads to premature failure
This also causes heat, which leads to damage
Bearings are used to overcome these effects

7. Load Types on a Bearing

8. Some Types of Bearing Ball Cylindrical Roller Needle Roller
Taper Roller

9. Ball Bearing
These consist of an inner race, an outer race and a set of balls that are supported with a cage
Are generally used for supporting radial loads
These have point contact and have the advantage of being the highest speed bearings
Disadvantages include having poor static load ability, are not adjustable and are poor in supporting axial loads
General applications of use are with electric motors, rollers, small gearboxes and light vehicles

10. Ball Bearing

11. Roller Bearing Detail

12. Races & Ball Contact Points

13. Cylindrical Roller Bearing
These consist of an inner race, an outer race and a set of straight rollers that are supported with a cage
These can be used for moderately high speed and operate at low torque which uses less energy
The separate race makes installation easier but do not tolerate misalignment well do not support axial load well
These are intended for supporting radial load
Ideal applications include larger electric motors and
steel rolling mills

14. Cylindrical Roller Bearing

15. Races & Roller Contact Points

16. Needle Roller Bearing
These consist of an inner race, an outer race and a set of straight rollers that are supported with or without a cage
Are like a Cylindrical Roller Bearing but rollers are much smaller in diameter
Advantages include being inexpensive, can accommodate a large diameter shaft , have good stiffness / rigidity and can be used in higher torque instances
Typical applications include in gearboxes, drive shafts and rollers used in low speed applications

17. Needle Roller Bearing

18. Taper Roller Bearing
This consists of an inner ring or cone, outer ring or cup, cage and a set of rollers
These are capable of carry high axial & radial loads and accommodating high speed
These can be adjusted to give desired clearance, which can maximise machine performance and extend bearing life
Typical applications include turbines, railways axles, gearboxes & car wheel bearings

19. Taper Roller Bearing

20. Taper Roller Bearing Arrangements

21. Other Bearing Types Rod Eye Bearing Cooper Split Bearing
Clevite Bearing
Shell Bearing
Sleeve Bearing
Track Runner Bearing
Slewing Bearing
Cup Needle Roller Bearing
Multi Row Ball or Roller Bearing

22. Recess: As small groups:
Consider where we may find bearings in the college
What types may these bearings be?
Tell me your ideas 

23. Bearing Identification Number

24. Correct Methods used for Fitting a Bearing
Keep bearing well oiled, this will prevent rusting
Do not subject the bearing to excessive heat if trying to expand inner race before a shrink on fit
(never to exceed 120 deg C)

25. Correct Methods used for Fitting a Bearing
Wherever possible, bearings must be assembled in a clean environment
Use only a soft hammer and / or soft metal drift; this will prevent causing damage

26. Correct Methods used for Fitting a Bearing
When fitting a bearing using a press, ensure the bearing enters squarely
Do not use excessive pressure, this will only cause irreversible damage the bearing
A press can also be used to remove bearings!

27. Is this correct??

28. Bearing Lubrication
Tell me all about this pls………….

29. Bearing Lubrication The primary function of lubricating a bearing is:
Prevention of wear
Minimising the frictional power loss
To act as heat transfer medium
Removal of debris from roller contact paths
Prevent bearing corrosion

30. Bearing Fault Diagnosis
Tell tale signs include:
Excessive Heat
Squealing or Squeaking
Rumbling Sound
Vibration

31. Bearing Failure Examples
Seizing
Cage Collapse
Excessive Play
Discolouring
Bearing Disintegration

33. The World’s Smallest Ball Bearing?
Introducing the world’s smallest deep groove ball bearing, in which we have concentrated our technologies on micro processing, assembling and measurement to achieve a top notched manufacturing technology and in house made jigs and tools.
Outer Diameter ： φ２．０mm
Inner Diameter ： φ０．６mm
Width ： ０．８mm
Ball Diameter ： φ０．３mm (７pcs)
Retainer ： ０．０４mm (thickness)
Material ： Stainless (Inner/Outer rings, Balls)
〈 Specifications 〉
Even smaller than a grain of rice
Achieved JIS P5 class on ultra precision and quietness.

34. World’s Largest Bearing?

35. GP7000 Turbofan Jet Engine

36. GP7000 Turbofan Jet Engine
Temperatures in the engine core are half those on the surface of the sun
The blades in the engine's high pressure system rotate at 12,500 rpm, with tip speeds
reaching 1,200 miles per hour (2,000 kph)

37. GP7000 Turbofan Jet Engine
What type of bearing do you think this uses?

38. Bearing Manufacture
Bearings are made out of a very tough types of steel, chrome steel SAE

39. Closing Facts
‘The L10 life of an anti-friction bearing is the minimum expected life, hours, of 90 percent of a group of bearings which are operating at a given speed and loading. The average expected life of the bearings is approximately five times the L10 life’
In reality the life expectancy is dependant upon -
correct fitting method applied,
lubricant type used
lubrication amount / frequency
correct loading / application

40. Now Identify What you See

41. How did this happen???!!!!

42. I do hope that none of this information caused you to lose you bearings!!!!!