1. Kevin Ware
Louisville

2. Functions of bones Points of attachment for muscles
Protects and supports softer tissues
3. House blood producing cells
4. Stores inorganic salts, mainly calcium phosphate
5. Contains passageways for blood vessels and nerves

3. Pg. 202

4. Pg. 204

5. Pg 203
Major parts of a
long bone

6. Pg. 205

8. Pg. 206

9. TYPES OF BONE/Cartilage
CELLS
1. Fibroblast – Cell that builds connective tissue
2. Chondrocyte – A cartilage building cell
3. Osteoblast – Bone forming cells
4. Osteocyte – A mature osteoblast that is
surrounded by matrix. Cannot divide.
5. Osteoclast – A cell that erodes bone

12. Intramembraneous Bone Formation
Flat Bones – ex. Skull bones
Connective tissue appears at the site of future bone
Some connective tissue cells enlarge and differentiate
into osteoblasts.
3. Osteoblasts deposit bony matrix (collagen and calcium
phosphate) around themselves forming spongy bone
tissue.

13. 4. Cells on the outside of the connective tissue become
the periosteum.
5. Cells inside the periosteum become compact bone over
the surface of the newly formed spongy bone.
6. When osteoblasts are totally surrounded by matrix they
are now called osteocytes.

15. Pg 204

17. Formation of an Endochondral bone. Pg. 207 Ex. Long Bones
Hyaline cartilage shaped like
future bone.

18. Pg. 207
2. Cartilage mass becomes
calcified cartilaginous matrix.
3. Periosteum starts to develop
along outside of diaphysis.

19. Pg. 207
4. In center of diaphysis cartilage
breaks down and disappears
5. Blood vessels and osteoblasts
fill space left by cartilage with
spongy bone.
6. Periosteum produces osteoblasts
that deposits a thin layer of
compact bone.
7. This area becomes the Primary
Ossification Center.

20. Pg. 207
8. Osteoclasts break down spongy
bone in middle of diaphysis and
creates the medullary cavity.
9. Cartilage starts to break down in
epiphysis. Blood vessels and
osteoblasts appear to develop
spongy bone. A Secondary
Ossification Center appears.

21. Pg. 207
9. A layer of cartilage left
between the two ossification
centers is called the Epiphyseal
Plate.
10. Mitosis occurs in Plates
producing new cartilage cells.
Cartilaginous Matrix forms
around new cells and the plate
thickens.

22. Pg. 207
11. As matrix calcifies, cartilage cells
die, osteoclasts come in and break
down calcified matrix.
12. Bone building osteoblasts come in
and replace with bone.
BONE LENGTHENS

23. Pg. 207

25. Pg. 209

26. Pg. 213
REPAIR OF A
BONE
FRACTURE

27. Pg. 213

28. Pg. 213

29. Pg. 213

31. BONE FUNCTION

32. Pg. 211

35. Blood Cell Formation
Hematopoiesis
Yolk Sac
Liver
Spleen
BONE MARROW
Red Marrow - Hemoglobin
Yellow Marrow – Stores Fat

36. A lever has 4 basic components
Bones aid body movement
A lever has 4 basic components
A rigid rod or bar
A fulcrum or pivot on which the bar turns
An object that is moved against resistance
4. A force that supplies energy for the movement

37. Pg. 312

39. JOINTS (Articulations)
Holds the bones together.
2. Allows the rigid skeletal system flexibility, so that
gross body movements can occur.

40. Pg. 271
Thin layer of dense connective tissue
Limited or no movement

41. Pg 270

43. Pg. 272
2. Has slight flexibility, allows limited movement

44. Pg. 272
Pg. 142

50. Pg. 271
Thin layer of dense connective tissue
Limited or no movement

51. Pg. 272
2. Has slight flexibility, allows limited movement

52. SYNOVIAL JOINT 3. Allows free movement
Articular ends of bones covered with Articular cartilage.
Joint Capsule
a. Ligaments on outer layer of Capsule
b. Inner lining of capsule is the Synovial Membrane
(secretes synovial fluid)
c. Pads of fibrocartilage called Menisci (Meniscus)
d. Fluid filled sacs called bursae (bursa), between tendons.

53. Pg. 273

54. Pg. 274

56. Pg. 275
Movement in all planes
and rotational movement

59. Movements in different planes
but no rotation

60. Sliding and twisting movements
Flat or slightly curved

61. Resembles hinge of a door,
movement through only one
plane.

62. Movement limited to rotation
around an axis.

63. TABLE 7.5
SUMMARY
OF ALL JOINTS
Saddle shaped bones that
compliment each other.
2. Variety of movements.

64. Joint Movements Pg. 277 & 278 Book

67. 10 important everyday stretches
Flexibility
10 important everyday stretches
Back Extensions
Quadricep stretch
Hamstring stretch
Hip Flexor
Deltoid – Doorway stretch
Neck
Pectoralis Minor
Pretzel – Spine Rotator
Sides of Upper Body
Glutes

76. Pg. 130

77. Pg. 130