1. ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
The Chemistry of LIFE!!

2. All living organisms require 4 types of Organic Compounds:
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
**All contain**:
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

3. 1. Carbohydrates All carbs contain C,H,O in a 1:2:1 ratio
Functions: Energy & structural support
Exist as:
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
polysaccharides

4. Monosaccharide “simple sugar”
3 Forms
Glucose - manufactured by plants during photosynthesis. Main source of energy for both plants & animals.
2. Fructose - found in fruits; Sweetest!!
3. Galactose – found in milk and is usually found in combination with glucose or fructose.
These are ISOMERS – same chemical formula but different structures.

5. Disaccharide “double sugar”
3 Forms
Sucrose – Table Sugar
glucose + fructose
Maltose - Malt Sugar
glucose + glucose
Lactose – Milk Sugar
glucose + galactose

6. Polysaccharide “Many Sugars”
3 Forms – All composed of repeating units of glucose.
Glycogen – Energy storage in animals. (Liver & Muscles)
Starch - Energy storage in plants
(Roots, Stems, Leaves)
Cellulose - Gives strength & rigidity to plant cell
(Fiber  Prevents Colon Cancer)

8. Dehydration Synthesis: removal of water to build bonds
Hydrolysis: break bonds using water