1. Protein Synthesis
microRNAs function in transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression

2. Immune system
Antibody medited response is sometimes called Humoral response

3. Plant Immune system
Plant defenses against pathogens include molecular recognition systems with
systemic responses; infection triggers chemical responses that destroy infected
and adjacent cells, thus localizing the effects

4. Compartmentalization
Plant response to a wound or pathogen
Walls around area thicken
Toxins and resins are produced at site

5. Compartmentalization
strong
moderate
weak
Fig , p.486

6. Ecology
Mathematical or computer models are used to illustrate and investigate population
interactions within and environmental impacts on a community

7. Ecology
Interactions between populations affect the distributions and abundance of
populations.

8. Behavioral Ecology
Animals use visual, audible, tactile, electrical and chemical signals to indicate
dominance, find food, establish territory and ensure reproductive success.

9. Behavioral Ecology
Cooperative behavior tends to increase the fitness of the individual and the
survival of the population.