1. Erik Erikson Eight Ages of Man
Source: Biehler, R. F. (1978). Psychology applied to teaching. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. pages

2. PSYCHOSOCIAL CRISIS OLD AGE ADULTHOOD YOUNG ADULTHOOD ADOLESCENCE
Integrity vs. Despair, disgust WISDOM
ADULTHOOD
Generativity vs. Stagnation CARE
YOUNG ADULTHOOD
Intimacy vs. Isolation LOVE
ADOLESCENCE
Identity vs. Identity Confusion FIDELITY
SCHOOL AGE
Industry vs. Inferiority COMPETENCE
PLAY AGE
Initiative vs. Guilt PURPOSE
EARLY CHILDHOOD
Autonomy vs. Shame, Doubt WILL
INFANCY
Basic Trust vs. Basic Mistrust HOPE
Erikson, E. H. (1997). The Life Cycle Completed. New York: W.W. Norton., p.56.

3. Trust vs. Mistrust Birth to 1 year
Infants learn to trust their world through the provision of consistent care.
Infants approach the world with distrust or fear if care is inadequate or inconsistent.

4. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
2 to 3 years
Children encouraged to do what they can at their own pace develop autonomy.
Children hamper their ability if asked to do too many things or do them too quickly. If shamed for inability, children develop self-doubt.

5. Initiative vs. Guilt 4 to 5 years
Young children, given time to explore, will experiment and strengthen their sense of autonomy and initiative.
Young children who are restricted or receive negative feedback develop guilt about doing things on their own.

6. Industry vs. Inferiority
6 to 11 years
Children develop industry when allowed to make things, experiment, and complete tasks.
Children feel inferior when they are unsuccessful, criticized for failure, or made to feel incapable.

7. Identify vs. Role Confusion
12 to 18 years
Adolescents both break from and experience continuity with the past to develop a positive sense of self-identity.
Teenagers who struggle with stability express role confusion, particularly related to sexual orientation and occupational direction.

8. Intimacy vs. Isolation Young adulthood
Young adults who possess self-identity choose to fuse identity with others.
Competitiveness and combative relationships with the very people young adults want to emotionally connect to leads to isolation.

9. Generativity vs. Stagnation
Middle adulthood
By establishing and developing the next generation, adults sense their own contribution and accomplishment.
Failure to be productive and contribute leads to self-absorption or personal stagnation.

10. Integrity vs. Despair Old age
Integrity is the sense of a life well-lived and worthwhile.
Despair is the feeling that life was incomplete, but it is too late to attempt an alternative.

11. Three Crucial Stages
Erikson identified core strengths that arise from successful closure of each crisis (see chart).
He said three were most critical
HOPE from trust vs. mistrust in infancy
FIDELITY from identity vs. identity confusion in adolescence
CARE from generativity vs. self-absorption in adulthood.
Erikson, E. H. (1997). The Life Cycle Completed. New York: W.W. Norton., p.55.