1. Warm Up
Describe how Hammurabi’s code influenced today’s society.

2. Key Terms Pharaohs Theocracy Pyramid Mummification Hieroglyphics
Papyrus

3. Ancient Egypt

4. Geography of Egypt

5. Geography of Egypt Settlements arose along the Nile River
Annual flooding in July caused by rain and melting snow in mountains
Left rich soil called silt
Peasants would prepare fields before sun dried out soil
Watered crops through irrigation ditches

6. Environmental Challenges
If Nile floodwaters were lower than normal, amount of silt to grow crops was reduced, starving people
If Nile floodwaters were too high, water would destroy homes and farms
Deserts natural barriers, limiting interaction with other civilizations

7. Advanced Cities
Narmer united lower and upper kingdoms around 3000 B.C.
Capital city of Memphis where two kingdoms met
Traded with Mesopotamia, Kush, and Nubia

8. Complex Institutions Egyptian kings were considered gods
Believed to as powerful as the gods of the heavens
Government ruled by religious authority is called a theocracy
Pharaohs responsible for sunrise, flooding of the Nile, and crops growing

9. Pyramids
Believed that the pharaohs ruled even after death through an eternal life force called the “ka”
“ka” had needs that needed met
Pharaohs would be placed in pyramid after death with great luxury

10. Egyptian Religion Polytheistic Believed in an afterlife
If you lived a pure and honest life you would live forever in the Other World
Royal and elite Egyptian bodies preserved by mummification, or embalming and drying of corpse to prevent decaying

11. Specialized Workers Social pyramid
Social classes could change based on marriage or jobs
Farmers, priests, artisans, scribes, landowners, peasants

12. Advanced Technology - heart rates Developed calendar with 365 days
System of numbers
Geometry and architecture
Medical treatments
- heart rates
- splints
- treat wounds and fever
- surgery
Improved trade and transportation by digging canal from Nile to Red Sea

13. Record Keeping Hieroglyphics Papyrus “sacred carving”
Pictures represented sounds and ideas, like the alphabet
Common language essential for Egypt’s growth
Papyrus
River plant weaved together for paper-like material used for writing
Faster than carving clay tablets

14. New Kingdom

15. Hyksos Rule The Hebrews settled in Egypt during this time
Racially similar to the Hyksos, and welcomed to the region
Egyptians resented the presence of these two groups
Around 1600 B.C. warlike rulers drove out the Hyksos

16. New Kingdom Hyksos were pushed into Palestine
According to Bible, Hebrews remained in Egypt and were enslaved until around 1500 and 1200 B.C., the time of the Exodus and Moses

17. Reflections
Describe how Ancient Egypt dealt with their natural, environmental problems.
Evaluate how what happened in the New Kingdom relates to a modern day world issue.
Compare/Contrast Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt using the Top-Hat method.