1. Introduction of Parasympatholytics: M blockers: Atropine, Cyclopentolate, Scopolamine, Tropicamide N1 Blockers: Nicotine N2 Blockers: Tubocurarine, Atracurium

2. Parasympatholytic Atropine Pharmaceutical chemistry Possible Origin
Physiochemical Properties
Idea of Retro-synthesis
Molecular pharmacology
Mechanism of action: Anti-muscarinic
Structure-based explanation of Therapeutic uses: Mydriatic for measuring refractive errors of the eyes, (week-2 week duration). Replaced by short acting anti-cholinergics, Antispasmodic, anti-dote for mushroom poisoning and antisecretory.
Structure-based explanation of Side effects: dry mouth, blurred vision, Sandy eyes, tachycardia, constipation, restless and confusion.
Analysis

3. Parasympatholytic Cyclopentolate (Cyclogyl) Pharmaceutical chemistry
Possible Origin
Physiochemical Properties
Idea of Retro-synthesis
Molecular pharmacology
Mechanism of action:
Structure-based explanation of Therapeutic uses: short acting for mydriasis (24 hours)
Structure-based explanation of Side effects:
Analysis

4. Parasympatholytic Scopolamine Pharmaceutical chemistry Possible Origin
Physiochemical Properties
Idea of Retro-synthesis
Molecular pharmacology
Mechanism of action:
Structure-based explanation of Therapeutic uses: motion sickness, block short-term memory and anti-spasmodic
Structure-based explanation of Side effects:
Analysis

5. Parasympatholytic Tropicamide (Mydriacyl) Pharmaceutical chemistry
Possible Origin
Physiochemical Properties
Idea of Retro-synthesis
Molecular pharmacology
Mechanism of action:
Structure-based explanation of Therapeutic uses: short acting for mydriasis (6 hours)
Structure-based explanation of Side effects:
Analysis

6. Parasympatholytic Nicotine (Nicotinell) Pharmaceutical chemistry
Possible Origin
Physiochemical Properties
Idea of Retro-synthesis
Molecular pharmacology
Mechanism of action: Ganglionic blocker (N2)
Structure-based explanation of Therapeutic uses: none
Structure-based explanation of Side effects: stimulation then paralysis of Ganglionic receptor, high blood pressure, increasing cardiac output, hypotension with high doses and low GI activity.
Analysis

7. Parasympatholytic Tubocurarine Pharmaceutical chemistry
Possible Origin
Physiochemical Properties
Idea of Retro-synthesis
Molecular pharmacology
Mechanism of action: Neuromuscular blocker (N1)
Structure-based explanation of Therapeutic uses: Adjuvant drug in anaesthesia to facilitate intubation.
Structure-based explanation of Side effects: it sometimes increases histamine release and causes hypotension (allergy). Thus it is rarely used.
Analysis

8. Parasympatholytic Atracurium (Tracrium) Pharmaceutical chemistry
Possible Origin
Physiochemical Properties
Idea of Retro-synthesis
Molecular pharmacology
Mechanism of action:
Structure-based explanation of Therapeutic uses:
Structure-based explanation of Side effects: well-tolerated
Analysis