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Girding for the War: The North and the South

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1 Girding for the War: The North and the South- 1861-1865
Chapter 20 Girding for the War: The North and the South

2 A. The Menace of Secession
No geographical dividing line National debt Territories Fugitive slaves European powers & the Monroe Doctrine

3 B. SC Assails Ft. Sumter Charleston, SC- harbor Lincoln’s choices
Order fort to fire on SC militia Allow militia to take over fort “Provision” scheme

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6 Bombardment began April 12, 1861- surrendered April 14
Pushed North to fight- call for troops in North Pushed 4 more states to secede

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10 SIR: The Government of the Confederate States has hitherto forborne from any hostile demonstration against Fort Sumter, in the hope that the Government of the United States, with a view to the amicable adjustment of all questions between the two Governments, and to avert the calamities of war, would voluntarily evacuate it.

11  The flag which you have upheld so long and with so much fortitude, under the most trying circumstances, may be saluted by you on taking it down. Colonel Chestnut and Captain Lee will, for a reasonable time, await your answer. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant G. T. BEAUREGARD Brigadier-General, Commanding.

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13 C. Brother’s Blood and Border Blood
border states Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware- later W. VA Importance- population, manufacturing, livestock, transportation

14 Skirmishes in Missouri & W. VA
Martial law in MD Skirmishes in Missouri & W. VA States in the old NW- statement about slaves Indians Some owned slaves Family war Lincoln’s in-laws, the Breckenridge family

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16 D. The Balance of Forces

17 D. Continued Population Manufacturing Food production Transportation
North’s advantages Population Manufacturing Food production Transportation Stronger economy (wealth) Eventually moral struggle- European countries

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19 Southern Advantages Defensive war Leaders (Lee, Jackson)
“fighting for home” Viewed as a war of inde. Bred to fight

20 E. Dethroning King Cotton
South counted on foreign intervention GB had stockpiled cotton & looked to other places North producing food needed by Europeans

21 Trent Affair- late 1861 RMS Trent – Mason and Slidell

22 F. The Decisiveness of Diplomacy
Northern diplomatic goal *keep other nations from helping Confederacy* Building the Alabama- 1862 Laird rams- 1863

23 G. Foreign Flare-ups Confederate raids from Canada
Dominion of Canada est protection Napoleon III & Maximilian in Mexico- 1863

24 H. President Davis vs. President Lincoln
Jefferson Davis- Pres. of CSA Major problem was states’ rights Lincoln’s advantages Est. & recognized govt. Lincoln better-able to handle problems

25 I. Limitations on Wartime Liberties
Violate the provisions of the Constitution to save the United States Proclaimed a blockade Ordered an advance of $2 million from 3 private citizens w/ out Congressional approval Suspended writ of habeus corpus- protection against “copperheads” Davis less able to impose these kinds of controls

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28 Taney’s Response

29 J. Volunteers & Draftees: North & South
North all volunteer until draft Hiring & paying out of service NY draft riots in summer Irish immigrants Enlistment bounties & “bounty boys” Desertion

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31 CSA resorted to conscription by 1862- more serious problems with manpower
“rich man’s war, but a poor man’s fight” Mountain whites

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34 K. The Economic Stresses of War
Wealth in the North Taxes, tariffs, income tax “greenbacks”- paper money Borrowing- treasury bonds- over $2.5 bil. New national bank- National Banking System- 1863

35 South No tariffs Bonds Inflation- 9,000%

36 L. The North’s Economic Boom
Northern prosperity after the war- manufacturers & businessmen Profiteers in the north- horses & clothing Industries- clothing, agriculture Women- nursing Elizabeth Blackwell (MD)- US Sanitary Commission Clara Barton & Dorthea Dix American Red Cross

37 M. A Crushed Cotton Kingdom
Destroyed southern economy & infrastructure for 19th century Transportation gone Shortages of everything


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