1. Girding for the War: The North and the South- 1861-1865
Chapter 20
Girding for the War: The North and the South

2. A. The Menace of Secession
No geographical dividing line
National debt
Territories
Fugitive slaves
European powers & the Monroe Doctrine

3. B. SC Assails Ft. Sumter Charleston, SC- harbor Lincoln’s choices
Order fort to fire on SC militia
Allow militia to take over fort
“Provision” scheme

6. Bombardment began April 12, 1861- surrendered April 14
Pushed North to fight- call for troops in North
Pushed 4 more states to secede

10. SIR: The Government of the Confederate States has hitherto forborne from any hostile demonstration against Fort Sumter, in the hope that the Government of the United States, with a view to the amicable adjustment of all questions between the two Governments, and to avert the calamities of war, would voluntarily evacuate it.

11.  The flag which you have upheld so long and with so much fortitude, under the most trying circumstances, may be saluted by you on taking it down.
Colonel Chestnut and Captain Lee will, for a reasonable time, await your answer.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant
G. T. BEAUREGARD Brigadier-General, Commanding.

13. C. Brother’s Blood and Border Blood
border states
Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware- later W. VA
Importance- population, manufacturing, livestock, transportation

14. Skirmishes in Missouri & W. VA
Martial law in MD
Skirmishes in Missouri & W. VA
States in the old NW- statement about slaves
Indians
Some owned slaves
Family war
Lincoln’s in-laws, the Breckenridge family

16. D. The Balance of Forces

17. D. Continued Population Manufacturing Food production Transportation
North’s advantages
Population
Manufacturing
Food production
Transportation
Stronger economy (wealth)
Eventually moral struggle- European countries

19. Southern Advantages Defensive war Leaders (Lee, Jackson)
“fighting for home”
Viewed as a war of inde.
Bred to fight

20. E. Dethroning King Cotton
South counted on foreign intervention
GB had stockpiled cotton & looked to other places
North producing food needed by Europeans

21. Trent Affair- late 1861
RMS Trent – Mason and Slidell

22. F. The Decisiveness of Diplomacy
Northern diplomatic goal *keep other nations from helping Confederacy*
Building the Alabama- 1862
Laird rams- 1863

23. G. Foreign Flare-ups Confederate raids from Canada
Dominion of Canada est protection
Napoleon III & Maximilian in Mexico- 1863

24. H. President Davis vs. President Lincoln
Jefferson Davis- Pres. of CSA
Major problem was states’ rights
Lincoln’s advantages
Est. & recognized govt.
Lincoln better-able to handle problems

25. I. Limitations on Wartime Liberties
Violate the provisions of the Constitution to save the United States
Proclaimed a blockade
Ordered an advance of $2 million from 3 private citizens w/ out Congressional approval
Suspended writ of habeus corpus- protection against “copperheads”
Davis less able to impose these kinds of controls

28. Taney’s Response

29. J. Volunteers & Draftees: North & South
North all volunteer until draft
Hiring & paying out of service
NY draft riots in summer Irish immigrants
Enlistment bounties & “bounty boys”
Desertion

31. CSA resorted to conscription by 1862- more serious problems with manpower
“rich man’s war, but a poor man’s fight”
Mountain whites

34. K. The Economic Stresses of War
Wealth in the North
Taxes, tariffs, income tax
“greenbacks”- paper money
Borrowing- treasury bonds- over $2.5 bil.
New national bank- National Banking System- 1863

35. South
No tariffs
Bonds
Inflation- 9,000%

36. L. The North’s Economic Boom
Northern prosperity after the war- manufacturers & businessmen
Profiteers in the north- horses & clothing
Industries- clothing, agriculture
Women- nursing
Elizabeth Blackwell (MD)- US Sanitary Commission
Clara Barton & Dorthea Dix
American Red Cross

37. M. A Crushed Cotton Kingdom
Destroyed southern economy & infrastructure for 19th century
Transportation gone
Shortages of everything