1. Effects of the Civil War

2. Emancipation Proclamation
Lincoln disliked slavery, BUT…
Felt federal gov’t did not have power to abolish it where it already existed
Used constitutional war powers
Confederacy used slave labor to build fortifications and grow food
Lincoln could seized “enemy resources”
Emancipation = weapon of war

3. Did not free slaves immediately b/c applied to areas behind Conf. lines
Outside of Union control
Gave the war a moral purpose
Ensured compromise no longer possible

4. The End of the War… Key defeats of S. at Gettysburg and Vicksburg
Low on men, supplies and morale
Ulysses S. Grant appointed Union Army General, March 1864
Appointed William Tecumseh Sherman commander of Mississippi division
Waged total war
Union people’s will was keeping them going
Strategy – decimate Lee’s army regardless of casualties

6. Surrender at Appomattox
Sherman’s March
Marched S.E. from GA to the sea
Burned almost everything in its path
Livestock, homes, railroads, bridges, etc
Burnt most of Atlanta
Then turned N. to help Grant “wipe out Lee”
Lincoln reelected in 1864
Surrender at Appomattox
Union troops conquered Richmond, VA
Lee and Grant met at Appomattox Court House
Lee surrendered with generous terms

8. The Nation is Changed… Physical Effects Political Changes
360,000 Union soldiers dead
260,000 Confederate soldiers dead
Land destruction
Political Changes
Increased federal gov’t power / authority
Passed income tax / conscription laws during war

9. Technological Changes
Economic Changes
Northern economy boomed during war
Southern economy devastated
Ended slavery
Farmland destroyed
Widened gap between N and S
Technological Changes
First “modern war”
Rifle and soft lead bullets
Ironclad ship (Monitor (N) and Merrimack (S))

10. 13th Amendment
Emancipation Proc freed only slaves behind Confederate lines
Slavery still in border states
Constitutional amendment only solution
13th Amendment – ratified, 1865
“Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States.”