1. The Plant Kingdom

2. The Plant Kingdom
This kingdom has organisms that are multi-cellular, have cell walls and chlorophyll, produce their own food, and don’t physically move from one place to another.

3. The Plant Kingdom Vascular Non-Vascular Photosynthesis Plant Cell
Parts of a Flower
SOL Released Test Items

5. Can you say this with me…

6. Can you say this with me…
Plants,

7. Can you say this with me…
Plants, Eukaryotic,

8. Plants, Eukaryotic, multi-cellular,
Can you say this with me…
Plants, Eukaryotic, multi-cellular,

9. Plants, Eukaryotic, multi-cellular,
Can you say this with me…
Plants, Eukaryotic, multi-cellular,
and photosynthetic.

10. Capturing energy from the sun
Can you say this with me…
Plants, Eukaryotic, multi-cellular,
and photosynthetic.
Capturing energy from the sun

11. Capturing energy from the sun
Can you say this with me…
Plants, Eukaryotic, multi-cellular,
and photosynthetic.
Capturing energy from the sun
Using CO2 and water

12. Capturing energy from the sun
Can you say this with me…
Plants, Eukaryotic, multi-cellular,
and photosynthetic.
Capturing energy from the sun
Using CO2 and water to…

13. Capturing energy from the sun
Can you say this with me…
Plants, Eukaryotic, multi-cellular,
and photosynthetic.
Capturing energy from the sun
Using CO2 and water to…
create sugar

14. Capturing energy from the sun
Can you say this with me…
Plants, Eukaryotic, multi-cellular,
and photosynthetic.
Capturing energy from the sun
Using CO2 and water to…
create sugar and oxygen.

15. Capturing energy from the sun
Can you say this with me…
Plants, Eukaryotic, multi-cellular,
and photosynthetic.
Capturing energy from the sun
Using CO2 and water to…
create sugar and oxygen.
connected to animals,

16. Capturing energy from the sun
Can you say this with me…
Plants, Eukaryotic, multi-cellular,
and photosynthetic.
Capturing energy from the sun
Using CO2 and water to…
create sugar and oxygen.
connected to animals, and

17. Capturing energy from the sun
Can you say this with me…
Plants, Eukaryotic, multi-cellular,
and photosynthetic.
Capturing energy from the sun
Using CO2 and water to…
create sugar and oxygen.
connected to animals, and
necessary for our survival

18. Non-Vascular
plants that do not have tubes to carry water up the plant or tubes to carry food made in the leaves down the plant
Examples:
mosses
liverworts
ferns
hornworts

19. Lacks tubes (vascular tissues) in the plant to bring water and food up and down.
Vascular Plants
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

20. Do not have vascular tissues
Lacks tubes (vascular tissues) in the plant to bring water and food up and down.
Vascular Plants
Non vascular plants
Do not have vascular tissues
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

21. Do not produce seeds or flowers.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

22. Not a seed Do not produce seeds or flowers.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

23. Calyptra covering a sporangium
Do not produce seeds or flowers.
Not a seed
Calyptra covering a sporangium
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

24. Calyptra covering a sporangium Let’s see the capsule inside
Do not produce seeds or flowers.
Not a seed
Calyptra covering a sporangium
Let’s see the capsule inside
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

25. Calyptra covering a sporangium Let’s see the capsule inside
Do not produce seeds or flowers.
Not a seed
Calyptra covering a sporangium
Let’s see the capsule inside
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

26. Not a seed Calyptra covering a sporangium Let’s see the capsule inside
Do not produce seeds or flowers.
Not a seed
Calyptra covering a sporangium
Let’s see the capsule inside
Let’s see the spores inside .
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

27. Not a seed Calyptra covering a sporangium Let’s see the capsule inside
Do not produce seeds or flowers.
Not a seed
Calyptra covering a sporangium
Let’s see the capsule inside
Let’s see the spores inside .
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

28. Are very short because they lack the woody tissue necessary for support on land.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

29. Non-Vascular
Spore: the single reproductive cell of a nonvascular plant
SPORES!

30. Non-Vascular
Moss

31. Non-Vascular
Liverwort

32. Non-Vascular
Fern

33. Non-Vascular
Hornwort

34. Vascular
Plants that have tubes to carry water and minerals up and food down the plant
Examples:
American dogwood tree
roses
grass

35. Vascular
American dogwood tree

36. Vascular
Roses

37. Vascular
Grass

38. Photosynthesis
Plant cells produce their own food through a process called photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis allows plants to convert light energy into food energy.

39. From the Greek Angeion = vessel Sperma = seed
Angiosperms
From the Greek
Angeion = vessel
Sperma = seed

40. Angiosperm Basics all have flowers flowers are reproductive organs
They make up around 80 percent of all the living plant species on Earth.

41. ANGIOSPERMS Angiosperm means “covered seed” Have flowers
Have fruits with seeds
Live everywhere – dominant plants in the world
260,000 species (88% of Plant Kingdom)
Angiosperms are the most successful and advanced plants on earth

42. Angiosperms
Angiosperms are the most diverse and geographically most widespread plants
Have flowers and fruits with seeds
Two classes:
1. Monocotyledones (monocots)
2. Dicotyledones (dicots)
Insect pollination tightly linked to evolution of the flower.

43. Angiosperms Ecological Success of the Angiosperms
Able to survive in a greater variety of habitats than any other group of plants
Faster life cycle - mature more quickly than ferns or gymnosperms
Most produce greater number of seeds per year than gymnosperms
Animals aid in pollination - can survive as small scattered populations

44. Angiosperms Fruits for seed dispersal
Most diverse and specialized group
perennials or annuals
Leaves of angiosperms are thin blades, diversity of shapes, better adapted for light interception.
Xylem of angiosperms contains wide-bore vessels, allows faster conduction of water.
Woody tissue of angiosperms more complex and highly specialized

45. Monocot vs. dicot
As the zygote grows into the embryo, the first leaves of the young sporophyte develop and are called as cotyledons (seed leaves)
Monocots have one cotyledon (corn, lily, etc).
Dicots have two cotyledons (bean, oak, etc).

46. Monocot vs. dicot
Number of cotyledons: one vs. two

47. Monocot vs. dicot Leaf venation pattern: Monocot is parallel
Dicot is net pattern

48. Monocot vs. Dicot root
Monocot: Fibrous root
Dicot: Tap root

49. Monocot vs. Dicot Flower parts: Monocot: in groups of three
Dicot: in groups of four or five

50. 2 groups of Angiosperms

51. Summary: Monocot vs. dicot

52. GYMNOSPERMS
Introduction – Gymnosperm means “naked seed” (From the Greek: gymnos = naked; sperm = seed)
More advanced than ferns – do not have spores, they have seeds.
The seeds of the gymnosperms lack a protective enclosure (unlike flowering plants which have flowers and fruit).
Examples of gymnosperms:
Conifers (pine trees), cycads, ginkgo biloba

53. Gymnosperms Conifers are most important group of gymnosperms
Largest and most familiar group
Bear seeds in cones
Staminate cones – male cones
Ovulate cones – _________ cones
Seeds produced on an open scale
(Do not produce flowers or fruit)

54. Gymnosperms Mainly woody plants that include
Oldest living trees: bristlecone pine, yrs old!
Most massive trees (giant sequoia): up to 375 ft. tall, 41 ft wide!
Tallest living trees (redwoods)

55. Conifers Conifers adapted to temperate to cold regions
Narrow leaves (needles) help to conserve water
Covered by resins – for protection from predators, fire, etc.

56. How are plants useful to man?
List the ways you use plants everyday.

57. We eat plants for breakfast,
lunch and dinner.
What plants have you
eaten today?

58. We use plants to make our clothing.

59. We use plants to make medicines.

60. We use plants to build furniture
and buildings.

61. Plants are useful in
cleaning the air
we breathe.

116. The End!!