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Phase Diagrams plot of P vs.T showing states of matter

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1 Phase Diagrams plot of P vs.T showing states of matter
summarizes equilibria between phases tell us which phase (state) will exist at any specific temperature and pressure.

2 Any temperature and pressure combination not on a curve represents a single phase.
Any temperature and pressure combination actually on a curve represents two phases coexisting in equilibrium. A temperature and pressure combination at the triple point represents all three phases coexisting. Phase Diagrams

3 H2O Phase Diagram

4 CO2 Phase Diagram

5 H2O Phase Diagram CO2 Phase Diagram

6 Phase Diagrams The Phase Diagrams of H2O and CO2 Water:
The melting point curve slopes to the left because ice is less dense than water. (VERY VERY UNUSUAL!) Triple point occurs at C and 4.58 mmHg. Normal melting (freezing) point is 0C. Normal boiling point is 100C. Critical point is 374C and 218 atm. Carbon Dioxide: Triple point occurs at -56.4C and 5.11 atm. Normal sublimation point is -78.5C. (At 1 atm CO2 sublimes it does not melt.) Critical point occurs at 31.1C and 73 atm.

7 Important parts of a phase diagram:
Triple point: temperature and pressure at which all three phases are in equilibrium. Critical point: critical temperature and pressure for the critical point denotes the conditions above which distinct liquid and gas phases do not exist. Equilibrium lines: Identifies the temperature and pressure combinations at which two phases may coexist. Normal melting point: melting point at 1 atm. Normal boiling point: boiling point at 1 atm

8 Heating Curve for Water (be sure you know the name of every type of phase change)
solid liquid gas vaporization condensation melting freezing Heat added Temperature (oC) A B C D E 100 LeMay Jr, Beall, Robblee, Brower, Chemistry Connections to Our Changing World , 1996, page 487 sublimation deposition Normal melting point: melting point at 1 atm Normal boiling point: boiling point at 1 atm Melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, sublimation, and deposition are six common phase changes. Note: The temperature of a substance does not change during a phase change.

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