2. Definition
Headland
1. A Headland is an area of land adjacent to water on three sides
2. An area of land that protrudes into the sea
Bay
1. A Bay is the reverse, an area of water bordered by land on three sides
2. A body of water partially enclosed by land but with a wide mouth
*Bay refers to the water, not the land

3. Formation - Inputs
Alternating bands of parallel soft and resistant rocks
Perpendicular to the sea
Destructive waves
Weak swash and strong backwash

4. Formation - Processes

5. Formation - Processes
Headlands and bays have different resistance against erosion
Erosion processes such as
Hydraulic action
Corrasion
Attrition
Due to the differential rates of erosion, resistant rocks would protrude to form Headlands
The body to water that is formed due to the retreat of the soft rock is called the bay

6. Erosion Processes Abrasion/ Corrasion
Rock debris hurled against the coast by waves wears away coastal rocks
Attrition
Rock particles in water knock against and break down each other. This results in the rocks being smaller, smoother and more rounded
Corrosion/ Solution
The dissolving of soluble minerals in rocks by seawater
Hydraulic action
- Impacts of waves crashing on the coast which causes the rocks to break apart and be removed

7. Formation - Processes How soft rocks are eroded A notch is formed
The unsupported material collapses
The repeated process causes the soft rock to retreat

8. Formation - Outputs
When the soft rocks retreat, the resistant rocks are exposed to form headlands
Headlands are subjected to erosion by wave refraction to form coastal landforms. They are caves, arches, stacks then stumps
These stumps are eventually eroded too, which results in the retreat of the headland

9. Formation - Outputs
Bay-head beaches would form as sea deposits materials in the bay
This causes the bay to advance
These two processes eventually straighten out the coastline, and the whole process repeats

10. Headlands and bays…

11. Landforms formed from headlands

12. WS Activity Number Pad 1 abc 2 def 3 ghi 4 jkl 5 mno 6 pqr 7 stu 8 vwx9 yz
Number Pad