1. Therapeutic Approach: The Importance of Controlling Prostatic Inflammation 
Alexandre de la Taille 
European Urology Supplements 
Volume 12, Issue 5, Pages (November 2013)
DOI: /j.eursup
Copyright © Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
The arachidonic acid cascade. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents inhibit the enzymatic activity of phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase (COX-2 inhibitors) and prostacyclin synthetase (red bar). Hexanic extract of Serenoa repens inhibits the activity of phospholipase A2 and lipo-oxygenase (blue bar). HETE=hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid; HPETE=hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid; PG=prostaglandin; TX=thromboxane.
European Urology Supplements  , DOI: ( /j.eursup )
Copyright © Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
Cell proliferation in cell lines from normal prostate and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tissues following incubation with hexanic extract of Serenoa repens at different concentrations (MTT assay) [17]. EC50=effective concentration 50%.
European Urology Supplements  , DOI: ( /j.eursup )
Copyright © Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 3
Relative messenger RNA expression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (ERBB3) gene and human growth arrest-specific 1 (GAS1) gene in benign prostatic hyperplasia epithelial and stromal cell lines cultured with hexanic extract of Serenoa repens (adapted from [17]). *=p<0.05; **=p<0.01. T0=nontreated; T1=treated for 1h; T3=treated for 3h; T6=treated for 6h.
European Urology Supplements  , DOI: ( /j.eursup )
Copyright © Terms and Conditions

5. Fig. 4
Concentrations of (a) interleukin-1 and (b) tumor necrosis factor-α in benign prostatic hyperplasia tissues obtained during surgery from controls (n=17) and patients pretreated with hexanic extract of Serenoa repens 160mg twice daily for 3 mo (n=12). Reproduced with permission from Elsevier [18]. IL-1=interleukin-1; TNF-α=tumor necrosis factor-α.
European Urology Supplements  , DOI: ( /j.eursup )
Copyright © Terms and Conditions