1. EUROPEAN ONLINE SEMINAR Feedback as a part of the regulation process in an online environment Anna Espasa, Teresa Guasch, Ibis Alvarez Department of Psychology and Education. Open University of Catalonia. December 2008

2. Introduction: AIMS AIMS of the presentation: to conceptualise feedback as a promoter of regulation process to show some examples of what happen from the teaching practise point of view

3. Introduction: AIMS Knowledge construction and regulation process Knowledge construction: Negotiation process in which students connect their previous knowledge with new knowledge with the help of their teacher. Regulation process: Students need to check their progress against the learning objectives of their course.

4. Context The Open University of Catalonia: virtual university from the scratch Educational model based on asynchrony and written comunication among students and teacher The students are at the centre of the teaching and learning process The students need to be active self-regulators of their own learning. The teachers use feedback to promote regulation processes.

5. Feedback conceptualisation Adapted from Narciss & Huth (2004) and Narciss (2008) FEEDBACKFEEDBACK

6. Feedback conceptualisation The functions of feedback Adapted from Narciss & Huth (2004) and Narciss (2008) FEEDBACKFEEDBACK

7. Feedback conceptualisation Structure of feedback The functions of feedback Adapted from Narciss & Huth (2004) and Narciss (2008) FEEDBACKFEEDBACK

8. Feedback conceptualisation The contents of the feedback Struct ure of feed back The functions of feedback Adapted from Narciss & Huth (2004) and Narciss (2008) FEEDBACKFEEDBACK

9. Feedback conceptualisation The contents of the feedback Struct ure of feed back The functions of feedback Adapted from Narciss & Huth (2004) and Narciss (2008) FEEDBACKFEEDBACK Individual characteristics

10. Feedback conceptualisation The contents of the feedback Struct ure of feed back The functions of feedback Adapted from Narciss & Huth (2004) and Narciss (2008) FEEDBACKFEEDBACK Characteristics of the instructional context Individual characteristics

11. Aspects to take into account when designing feedback The contents of feedback: Feedback = verification component + elaboration component

12. Aspects to take into account when designing feedback The contents of feedback: Feedback = verification component + elaboration component Verification component: conveys to students information about the correctness of their answer. i.e. they can check whether the information is correcty or not.

13. Aspects to take into account when designing feedback The contents of feedback: Feedback = verification component + elaboration component Verification component: conveys to students information about the correctness of their answer. i.e. they can check whether the information is correcty or not. Elaboration component: supplies students with information and strategies to improve and achieve learning goals in a guided way.

14. Aspects to take into account when designing feedback The structure/form of feedback: a)Timing: feedback should be offered immediately after students completion of a task. b)Frequency: 3 moments during the teaching and learning process after each assignment after summative assessment c)Virtual communication space: Feedback can be offered in different types of communication spaces, such as the bulletin board or the calendar.

15. Aspects to take into account when designing feedback The structure/form of feedback: a)Timing: feedback should be offered immediately after students completion of a task. b)Frequency: 3 moments during the teaching and learning process after each assignment after summative assessment c)Virtual communication space: Feedback can be offered in different types of communication spaces, such as the bulletin board or the calendar.

16. Aspects to take into account when designing feedback The structure/form of feedback: a)Timing: feedback should be offered immediately after students completion of a task. b)Frequency: 3 moments during the teaching and learning process after each assignment after summative assessment c)Virtual communication space: Feedback can be offered in different types of communication spaces, such as the bulletin board or the calendar.

17. Aspects to take into account when designing feedback The structure/form of feedback: a)Timing: feedback should be offered immediately after students completion of a task. b)Frequency: 3 moments during the teaching and learning process after each assignment after summative assessment c)Virtual communication space: Feedback can be offered in different types of communication spaces, such as the bulletin board or the calendar.

18. Aspects to take into account when designing feedback The structure/form of feedback: a)Timing: feedback should be offered immediately after students completion of a task. b)Frequency: 3 moments during the teaching and learning process after each assignment after summative assessment c)Virtual communication space: Feedback can be offered in different types of communication spaces, such as the bulletin board or the calendar.

19. Aspects to take into account when designing feedback The structure/form of feedback: a)Timing: feedback should be offered immediately after students completion of a task. b)Frequency: 3 moments during the teaching and learning process after each assignment after summative assessment c)Virtual communication space: Feedback can be offered in different types of communication spaces, such as the bulletin board or the calendar.

20. Aspects to take into account when designing feedback The structure/form of feedback: a)Timing: feedback should be offered immediately after students completion of a task. b)Frequency: 3 moments during the teaching and learning process after each assignment after summative assessment c)Virtual communication space: feedback can be offered in different types of communication spaces, such as the board or the calendar.

21. What happens from the online teaching practise? The content of feedback Feedback is more often focused on the verification component

22. What happens from the online teaching practise? The content of feedback Feedback is more often focused on the verification component Fragment 1:. (…) Regarding your doubts about necessary conditions and sufficient conditions, what you have to understand is that they are NOT the same. Lets see whether I succeed in clarifying the difference between a sufficient condition and a necessary condition. In order to know whether a sentence expresses a necessary condition, you only need to pay attention to its meaning (…)

23. What happens from the online teaching practise? The content of feedback Feedback is more often focused on the verification component Fragment 2: The answer that Angels provided you is the correct one. Pearsons contingency coefficient can only be applied in the case of 2x2, ok? University teacher

24. What happens from the online teaching practise? The content of feedback Feedback is oftener focused on the verification component Fragment 1 & Fragment 2 Evidence that the elaboration component is less present in feedback than the verification component.

25. What happens from the online teaching practise? The content of feedback Students ask for this feedback with the elaboration component to complement their teachers feedback. Fragment 3: The teacher replied rapidly and almost to everything he was asked about. What I reproach him for is that, from this starting point, his answers were a continuation of what we already have in the didactic materials (…) Computer science student

26. What happens from the online teaching practise? The content of feedback Fragment 4: The teacher didnt suggest sources for extra information. I had to get by on my own. Psychology student

27. What happens from the online teaching practise? The form of feedback Feedback is usually delayed. Little feedback after summative assessment. Feedback is usually too general, without adjustment to students personal needs.

28. What happens from the online teaching practise? The form of feedback Feedback frequency: Adjusting the type of feedback provided every student to suit their needs is impossible when there are more than 30 students per classroom. Teacher

29. What happens from the online teaching practise? The form of feedback Feedback frequency: Since doing the tests involved a great deal of high thinking, having an individualized comment at every exercise in addition to the general answers would have been fantastic. Adjusting the type of feedback provided every student to suit their needs is impossible when there are more than 30 students per classroom. Student Teacher

30. Some reflections about how to give good feedback (I) Different ways to give feedback, e.g.: peer-feedback, self- assessment Self-assessment It consists in supplying students with the solution to the activity they have undertaken. a) The teacher writes the solution and uploads it. b) The teacher creates a documents by using students own activities as examples of what is a good/bad answer.

31. Some reflections about how to give good feedback (II) The reply model should be accompanied by an explanation of the reason why this reply is the model and any other is not. Aspects to take into account by teachers when giving feedback associated with self-assessment process:

32. Some reflections about how to give good feedback (II) Aspects to take into account by teachers when giving feedback associated with self-assessment process: The reply model should be accompanied by an explanation of the reason why this reply is the model and any other is not. Students are the responsables for comparing their assignment with the model.

33. Some reflections about how to give good feedback (II) Aspects to take into account by teachers when giving feedback associated with self-assessment process: The reply model should be accompanied by an explanation of the reason why this reply is the model and any other is not. Students are the responsables for comparing their assignment with the model. Students need some guidelines about how to do the comparison.

34. Some reflections about how to give good feedback (II) Aspects to take into account by teachers when giving feedback associated with a self-assessment process: The reply model should be accompanied by an explanation of the reason why a given reply is the model and any other is not. Students are the responsables for comparing their assignment with the model. Students need some guidelines about how to do the comparison. Teachers should plan some extra activities in order to check whether students have done the comparison and whether students have some questions about the assignment.

35. EUROPEAN ONLINE SEMINAR Feedback as a part of the regulation process in an online environment Anna Espasa, Teresa Guasch, Ibis Alvarez aespasa@uoc.edu Department of Psychology and Education. Open University of Catalonia. December 2008 With the support of Zoraida Horrillo Thank you very much!