1. Unit One

2. Evolve – to develop gradually

3. Churlish – lacking politeness or good manners, rude

4. Adage: proverb or wise saying

5. Citadel – a fortress that overlooks and protects a city

6. Excerpt – a passage taken from a book, article, etc.

7. Laggard – a person who moves slowly or falls behind

8. Hover – to float or hang suspended over

9. Jostle – to make or force one’s way by pushing or elbowing

10. Bonanza – a rich mass of ore in a mine, something very valuable

11. Grope – to feel about hesitantly with the hands

12. Decree – an order having the force of law

13. Plaudits – applause, enthusiastic praise or approval

14. Servile – of or relating to a slave, behaving like or suitable for a servant

15. Revert – to return, go back

16. Collaborate – to work with, work together

17. Preclude – to make impossible, prevent

18. Vigil – a watch, especially a night, any period of watchful attention

19. Discordant – disagreeable in sound, jarring

20. Rubble – broken stone or bricks

21. Wrangle – to quarrel or argue in a noisy way