1. Colligative Properties

2. Dissociation
Ionic compounds will separate into their ions when they go into solution
This creates more particles in solution
This is represented with a net ionic equation

3. Examples of Net Ionic Equations

4. Ionization
Certain covalent compounds under go a similar process as dissociation except ions need to be created
Acids are a common example

5. Colligative Properties
Vapor Pressure lowing
Freezing point depression
Boiling point elevation

6. Vapor Pressure Lowering
Particles that are dissolved in solutions lower the total particles that are able to go into the gas state creating a vapor
Since there are less available particles, the vapor pressure of the solvent will be lowered

7. Freezing Point Depression
When particles are dissolved into solution, there is energy in the dissolution process that has to be overcome to set the particles into a fixed position (solid)
Change in freezing point = molality x molal freezing point constant

8. Boiling Point Elevation
Just like with the freezing point, greater amount of energy has to be added in order to overcome the energy of dissolution
Change in boiling point = molality x molal boiling point constant

9. Examples