1. Chapter 1

2. 1-1 What is Science?
Asking questions about the world is part of human nature
Different cultures try to answer these questions through myths and legends
Science – process where we try to arrange a series of observations or tests to learn what the causes of different events in nature is

3. The Goal of Science
The goal of science is to understand the world around us
Language, history, art, music and philosophy also study the world around us
Difference – approach – scientific method

4. 1.2 The Scientific Method
“organized common sense”

6. Steps to the Scientific Method
Observing and stating the problem
Forming a hypothesis
Testing the hypothesis
Recording and analyzing the data
Forming a conclusion
Replicating the work

7. Scientific method – curiosity (why?) and prove it attitude

8. 1. Observing and stating the problem
Observation – leaves change color

9. 2. Forming a hypothesis
Hypothesis – possible explanation, preliminary conclusion or even a guess about some event in nature

10. 3. Testing the Hypothesis
Perform an experiment
Set-up

11. Control
Part of an experiment that does not contain the variable

12. Variable
Single factor that is isolated and tested in an experiment

13. Independent Variable
Condition that is tested because it effects the outcome of an experiment
Ex. Amount of fertilizer

14. Dependent Variable
The condition that results from changed in the independent variable
Ex. Growth rate of plants

15. Experimental Set-up
Part of an experiment that contains that variable being tested

16. 4. Recording and Analyzing Data
Data – perform experiment and record observations and information
Ex?
Arrangement?

17. Quantitative Data
Numbers (Counts, measurements)

18. Qualitative Data
Written descriptions - observations

19. 5. Forming a conclusion Data – does it support your hypothesis?
What now?

20. 6. Replicating the work
Everyone has to be able to do it

21. 7. Hypothesis and theories
Theory – when a hypothesis is tested and confirmed often enough that it is unlikely to be disproved by future tests
Powerful time tested concept that makes useful and dependable predictions about the natural world

22. A Universal Language – The Metric System

23. Science works best when everyone can understand it
Use the metric system

24. Metric System
Decimal system based on certain standards and scaled on multiples of 10
International System of Units
SI System

25. Common Metric Units Volume = amount of space an object takes up
Liquid – L
Solid – m3

26. Mass – measure of the amount of matter in an object
Length –
Mass – measure of the amount of matter in an object
Weight – a measure of the pull of gravity on the mass
Weight can change – mass never changes
Ex. Different planets

27. Kilo – 1000
Centi – 1/100
Milli – 1/1000

28. Temperature – Water freezes at 0oC Boils at 100oC
Body Temperature – 37oC
Room Temperature – 21oC

29. 1.3 Science: “Facts” and “Truths”

30. Scientific knowledge is a constantly changing body of observations
“scientific facts” of the past – some are no longer true
Fact = best explanation of the world around us that has been developed so far

31. If a fact is found to be false  our knowledge has increased we have not failed

32. How to study science Arrange facts in groups – according to subjects
Science is a process – try to see the thinking behind the experiments

33. Science and Human Values
Goal on science is to be objective
Does not happen – scientists are people too!
Can be misinterpreted or misapplied to prove a particular point

34. Understanding decreases dangers posed by misinterpretation or misleading information
Ex. Nuclear Power, acid rain, chemical in food and water

35. The Spaceship called Earth
Earth is beautiful when seen from space
Our species has rapidly developed the ability to change the earth much for the better and much for the worse
The earth is not a planet without end. It is more like a spaceship with a living cargo, carrying limited amounts of supplies
Pg 21 – last paragraph

37. The End