1. Volume 151, Issue 6, Pages 1105-1112.e10 (December 2016)
Association of Proton Pump Inhibitors With Reduced Risk of Warfarin-Related Serious Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding 
Wayne A. Ray, Cecilia P. Chung, Katherine T. Murray, Walter E. Smalley, James R. Daugherty, William D. Dupont, C. Michael Stein 
Gastroenterology 
Volume 151, Issue 6, Pages e10 (December 2016)
DOI: /j.gastro
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2. Figure 1
Incidence of warfarin-related upper gastrointestinal bleeding according to PPI co-therapy. Vertical bars indicate 95% CIs. Stratified by concurrent use of antiplatelet drugs or NSAIDs. Incidence for patients with no PPI co-therapy (I0) is unadjusted (CIs calculated assuming Poisson distribution); that for patients with PPI co-therapy calculated as I0*HR, where HR is the adjusted hazard ratio for PPI co-therapy (CIs calculated analogously). HRs adjusted for the study population (Medicaid or Medicare), demographic characteristics, warfarin indication and treatment duration, gastrointestinal disease, risk factors for warfarin-related bleeding, medications thought to affect bleeding risk, cardiovascular comorbidity, alcohol abuse, liver disease, and recent medical care utilization (see Supplementary Table 3 for detailed list of covariates). Numbers below the x-axis are the number of hospitalizations for upper gastrointestinal bleeding and the person-years of warfarin treatment.
Gastroenterology  , e10DOI: ( /j.gastro )
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3. Figure 2
Incidence of warfarin-related upper gastrointestinal bleeding according to PPI co-therapy. Vertical bars indicate 95% CIs. Stratified by concurrent use of antiplatelet drugs or NSAIDs and history of risk factors for upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding (peptic ulcer, gastritis, abdominal pain, blood in stool/GI bleeding, anemia in past year). Incidence for patients with no PPI co-therapy (I0) is unadjusted (CIs calculated assuming Poisson distribution); that for patients with PPI co-therapy calculated as I0*HR, where HR is the adjusted hazard ratio for PPI co-therapy (CIs calculated analogously). HRs adjusted for the study population (Medicaid or Medicare), demographic characteristics, warfarin indication and treatment duration, GI disease, risk factors for warfarin-related bleeding, medications thought to affect bleeding risk, cardiovascular comorbidity, alcohol abuse, liver disease, and recent medical care utilization (see Supplementary Table 3 for detailed list of covariates). Numbers below the x-axis are the number of hospitalizations for upper GI bleeding and the person-years of warfarin treatment.
Gastroenterology  , e10DOI: ( /j.gastro )
Copyright © 2016 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

4. Supplementary Figure 1
Medication use patterns for 7 hypothetical warfarin patients: (1) Long-term warfarin use, no other study medications; (2) two 60-day warfarin courses separated by 60 days; (3) warfarin with PPI; (4) warfarin + PPI + P2Y12; (5) warfarin + P2Y12, PPI starts after warfarin; (6) 90-day warfarin course, NSAID after warfarin start and subsequently PPI; and (7) intermittent warfarin and PPI therapy.
Gastroenterology  , e10DOI: ( /j.gastro )
Copyright © 2016 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions