1. Totalitarianism in Italy

2. Goals for Country
Benito Mussolini – organized veterans and other discontented Italians into the Fascist party
Promised to end political corruption
Revive Roman greatness
Bring economic prosperity

3. Mussolini’s Rise to Power
Italy did not receive all of the land promised to it by the Allies
Peasants and workers were on strike and seizing land
Veterans faced unemployment
Trade declined and taxes rose

4. Mussolini gains power
Black Shirts – party militants – rejected the democratic process in favor of violent action
Broke up socialist rallies
Fascists March on Rome (1922)
King Victor Emmanuel III appoints Mussolini as Prime Minister and forms a new gov’t

5. Totalitarianism in Action
Dictatorship
One-Party Rule
(anti-democratic)
Ideology
State control over all sectors of society
State control over individuals
Organized Violence
Propaganda

6. How Mussolini uses Power
State Control over Society
State Control over Individuals
Business
Labor
Family life
Youth groups
Housing
Religion
Education
The arts
Denies basic liberties (freedoms)
No free speech
No free press
No right to due process
Demands total obedience to authority and personal sacrifices for the good of the state.

7. Impact on People
Fascists Ideology – glorious state was all important, individual was unimportant
Fascist indoctrination through education
Slogans “believe, obey, fight!!”
Fascists youth groups toughen the young

8. How Mussolini Keeps Power
Propaganda- advertisement to support a cause
Ideology
Glorifies state over the individual
Rooted in extreme nationalism
Pursued aggressive foreign expansion
Survival of the fittest philosophy
Glorified warfare as a noble pursuit
Anti-democratic

9. How Mussolini Keeps Power
Mussolini assumes the title il duce – the leader (1925)
Suppressed rival parties
Prevented free press
Rigged elections
Received support from Pope Pius XI in return for recognizing Vatican city as an independent state (1929)