1. Navigating the New “Flat World” of Cardiothoracic Surgery
Sidney Levitsky, MD 
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 
Volume 83, Issue 2, Pages (February 2007)
DOI: /j.athoracsur
Copyright © 2007 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1 David C. Sabiston, Jr, MD.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2007 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

3. Fig 2 William W.L. Glenn, MD (top); Gustaf E. Lindskog, MD (bottom).
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2007 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

4. Fig 3
Andrew G. Morrow, MD.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2007 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

5. Fig 4
Lloyd M. Nyhus, MD.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2007 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

6. Fig 5
Selecting a chief of cardiothoracic surgery. Criteria for selecting a chief of cardiothoracic surgery. (Modified from Souba WW. J Am Coll Surg 2003;197:79–87 [6], with permission.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2007 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

7. Fig 6
Percentage growth of selected revenue sources since fiscal year United States medical school finances. (Reprinted from Krakower JY, et al, JAMA 1993;270:1085–90 [7], with permission. Copyright © 1993, American Medical Association. All rights reserved.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2007 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

8. Fig 7
Annual relative value unit (RVU) and hospital margin. Surgical contribution to hospital bottom line: not all are created equal. (CRS = colon and rectal surgery; GIS = gastrointestinal; GYN = gynecology; OMFS = oral and maxillofacial surgery; ORL = otorhinolaryngology; ORTHO = orthopedic; PLAS = plastic surgery; THOR = thoracic; TXP = transplantation; VASC = vascular.) (Reprinted from Resnick AS, et al, Ann Surg 2005;242:530–7 [8], with permission.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2007 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

9. Fig 8
Turnover of cardiothoracic residency directors (surrogate - division chiefs). (Reprinted with permission from RRC [Residency Review Committee] Executive Director, ACGME [Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education], and TSDA [Thoracic Surgery Directors Association], January 2006.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2007 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

10. Fig 9
National Institutes of Health (RO1) cardiothoracic funding: 1987 versus 2001 and (Reprinted from Verrier, ED. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2004;127:1235–44, with permission. Also, Del Nido P [Personal Communication], January, 2006.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2007 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

11. Fig 10
Decreasing number of applicants to cardiothoracic surgery training programs. Circles = total number of applicants; squares = active positions available; triangles = United States medical school graduate applicants. Reprinted with permission from Workforce on Health Policy, Reform and Advocacy, STS.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2007 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

12. Fig 11
Weeks of practice per year, United States market, In comparison with internists who average 56 hours a week and 47.7 weeks each year in patient care activities, dermatologists spend 33% less time in patient care (42 hours per week, 45.7 weeks per year). (Modified with permission from The Medical Workforce: Physicians of The Future [copyright Sg2, LLC]. Available at: Accessed September 11, 2006.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2007 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

13. Fig 12
Evolution of The Society of Thoracic Surgeons seals: past (left, 1964) and present (right, 1994). (Courtesy of Dr W. Gerald Rainer.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2007 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

14. Sidney Levitsky, MD
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2007 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions