2. Industrialization Spreads

3. Industrialization in the United States
United States had similar resources that allowed Britain to mechanize its industries. It had:
Fast flowing rivers
Forests
Labor supply of people moving to cities
Coal, Iron, copper, silver, and gold
Construction of railroads
During the War of 1812, Britain blockaded the United states and forced the young country to use its own resources to develop its own industries
Had to because they couldn’t import items due to the blockade
War of 1812 was an offshoot of a conflict England had with France, which was still controlled by Napoleon
U.S. had been trading with Napoleon saying they were neutral about the war; England didn’t care and seized U.S. ships/sailors and blockaded ports

4. Industrialization in the United Sates (Cont.)
England was eager to keep the secrets of industrialization to itself; Britain forbade engineers, mechanics and toolmakers to leave the colony
In 1789, young British mill worker named Samuel Slater emigrated from England to the United States
There, Slater Built a spinning machine from memory and a partial design.
He was called “Slater the Traitor” for bringing English technology to the states
In 1790, Moses Brown built the first factory in the United States in Pawtucket, Rhode Island to house Slater’s machines
Only mass-produced the thread used to make clothes, not complete outfits
In 1813, Francis Cabot Lowell of Boston and four other investors mechanized every stage of manufacturing cloth – built a factory in Waltham, Massachusetts
When Lowell died, his partners renamed the city after him
By 1820s, Lowell, Massachusetts was a booming center and model for future industrial cities

5. Samuel Slater
Francis Cabot Lowell

6. Industrialization in the United States (Cont.)
Manufacturing towns based on Slater-style mills and factories spring up across the country
Young women flock to factory towns and work in textile mills
They wanted independence from traditional patriarchal family setting
Got to earn higher wages than working on farms
They were closely watched to make sure they behaved appropriately
Oftentimes, girls Worked over 12 hours a day, 6 days a week; many thought it was worth all the time spent working to have their own money and freedom
Clothing, shoemaking industries soon mechanize as well in the Northeast when shoe factories spring up in Lowell, Waltham and Lawrence, Massachussetts

7. Lowell Mill (“Lowell Girls”)

8. Later Expansion of U.S. Industry
The Northeastern portion of the United States (Massachusetts, New York, etc.) experienced industrialization while the rest of America remained agricultural until the Civil War ended (1861 – 1865)
Money from industries leftover after the war were invested – resulted in more inventions such as the electric light bulb and telephone
City populations grew exponentially following the second wave of inventions – especially grew around railroad tracks that carried goods from one part of the country to the other
Businessmen competed to buy up the railroad tracks
Small companies merge into Corporations – powerful companies owned by stockholders that share profits – corporations provide funds to build and innovate railroads
Stock—limited ownership rights for companies/corporations, sold to raise money
Also make money off of business who want to ship goods to different places
Public entity – difficult to go after corporations for settlements
Ex.: John D. Rockefeller’s Standard Oil Company (1800s) – almost completely dominated the oil market during its time and bought out competitors

9. The Impact of Industrialization
Other European leaders/businessmen import British engineers to develop industry in their countries
Ex.: Belgium, Germany, France, Italy
Industrialization causes a rise in global inequality and transformations in society
Wealth gap widens; non-industrialized countries fall further behind
European nations and U.S. look abroad for raw materials/new markets (leads to imperialism)
African and Asian economies start to lag behind due to having economies primarily based on agriculture and crafts – have not undergone industrialization
Rise of middle class strengthens democracy, economy and leads the call for social reform

10. Atlantic Revolutions Presentations
Find your group members; try and sit next to each other
Get your projects – discuss what parts you will say and how you want to say them
Make sure when you get up to present to introduce yourselves
Also, be courteous and applaud each group when the come up to present