1. GASTROINTESTINAL DRUGS
CHAPTER 4

2. Hydrogen Peroxide Apomorphine Xylazine
EMETICS
Hydrogen Peroxide
Apomorphine
Xylazine

3. Remember that rabbits, rodents, ruminants and horses can’t vomit!
Drugs that produce vomiting with the intent of removing an ingested toxin before it can be absorbed.
Indicated when vomiting is necessary and safe to induce.
Must be given within 4 hours of ingestion to be effective.
Do not use if animal is comatose, seizing, has depressed pharyngeal reflexes, in shock, dyspneic, or has bloat/torsion.
Do not use if substance ingested was caustic or could become lodged in the esophagus.
Remember that rabbits, rodents, ruminants and horses can’t vomit!
If you are unsure about inducing emesis, call the ASPCA Animal Poison Control at , 24/7. You may be charged a $65 consult fee

4. Centrally Acting Emetics
Act on the Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone and/or the Emetic Center

5. Apomorphine Stimulates CRTZ
Morphine derivative, Class II controlled substance.
Emetic of choice in dogs
Poorly absorbed orally, so ROA is IV, IM, or in tablet form in conjunctival sac
Vomiting occurs within 10 minutes of injection, within 20 minutes of conjunctival application. Remember to flush eye after vomiting is achieved.
Reversible with Naloxone

6. Xylazine (aka Rompun, Anased)
Sedative (non-controlled) and anesthetic that stimulates the CRTZ and Emetic center.
Very effective as an emetic in cats
IM injection that produces vomiting within 5 minutes
Emetic dose is lower than sedative dose
Reversible with Yohimbine

7. Locally Acting Emetic
Causes irritation of the GI mucosa

8. Hydrogen peroxide Used as an emetic in dogs, cats, pigs, ferrets
3% solution that can cause vomiting within 10 minutes when given orally.
Can result in gastritis, aspiration
Should use fresh bottle as it loses fizz after a few months
1 tsp per 5 pounds. No more than 45 mL. May be repeated once after 15 minutes.

9. Diphenhydramine, Dimenhydrinate Ondansetron, Dolasetron
ANTIEMETICS
Chlorpromazine
Metoclopramide
Diphenhydramine, Dimenhydrinate
Ondansetron, Dolasetron
Maropitant citrate
-Prevent or control vomiting
-Usually do not treat the underlying cause of vomiting.
-Given parenterally

10. Phenothiazine derivative- Chlorpromazine
Blocks receptors in the CRTZ that may also directly inhibit the Emetic center.
Tranquilizer, but antiemetic dose should not cause pronounced sedation.
Lowers the seizure threshold??