1. Counting Loops

2. for Syntax
for (expression1; expression2; expression3)     statement

3. for Syntax
for (expression1; expression2; expression3)     statement

4. for Syntax
for (expression1; expression2; expression3)     statement

5. for Syntax
for (expression1; expression2; expression3)     statement

6. for Syntax
for (expression1; expression2; expression3)     statement

7. for Syntax
for (expression1; expression2; expression3)     statement

8. Bad Form
cout << “What is 2+2? ”; cin >> sum; for (; sum != 4;) {
cout << “Incorrect answer. What is 2+2? ” << endl;
cin >> sum; }

9. Example #1
float average; long sum = 0; short i = 0; cout << “enter positive integer: ”; cin >> max; for(i=0; i <= max; i++)   sum += i; average = static_cast<float>(sum) / max; cout << “average is ” << average << endl;

10. Example #1
float average; long sum = 0; short i = 0; cout << “enter positive integer: ”; cin >> max; for(i=0; i <= max; i++)   sum += i; average = static_cast<float>(sum) / max; cout << “average is ” << average << endl;

11. Example #1
float average; long sum = 0; short i = 0; cout << “enter positive integer: ”; cin >> max; for(i=0; i <= max; i++)   sum += i; average = static_cast<float>(sum) / max; cout << “average is ” << average << endl;

12. Example #1
float average; long sum = 0; short i = 0; cout << “enter positive integer: ”; cin >> max; for(i=0; i <= max; i++)   sum += i; average = static_cast<float>(sum) / max; cout << “average is ” << average << endl;

13. Example #2
float average; long sum = 0; short i = 0; cout << “enter positive integer: ”; cin >> max; for (i=0; i <= max; i+=2)   sum += i; average = static_cast<float>(sum) / max; cout << “average is ” << average << endl;

14. Goal Output
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

15. Outputting 5 Lines
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {   cout << endl; }

16. Outputting 5 Stars
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {   cout << “* ”; }

17. Combining
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {    for (int j = 1; j <= 5; j++)         cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
i=1
j=?

18. Combining
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j = 1; j <= 5; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
i=1
j=1

19. Combining
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j = 1; j <= 5; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values *
i=1
j=1

20. Combining
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j = 1; j <= 5; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values *
i=1
j=2

21. Combining
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j = 1; j <= 5; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* *
i=1
j=2

22. Combining
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j = 1; j <= 5; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* *
i=1
j=3

23. Combining
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j = 1; j <= 5; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * *
i=1
j=3

24. Combining
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j = 1; j <= 5; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * *
i=1
j=4

25. Combining
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j = 1; j <= 5; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * *
i=1
j=4

26. Combining
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j = 1; j <= 5; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * *
i=1
j=5

27. Combining
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j = 1; j <= 5; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * * *
i=1
j=5

28. Combining
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j = 1; j <= 5; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * * *
i=1
j=6

29. Combining
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j = 1; j <= 5; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * * *
i=1
j=6

30. Combining
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j = 1; j <= 5; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * * *
i=2
j=?

31. Combining
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j = 1; j <= 5; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * * *
i=2
j=1

32. Combining
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j = 1; j <= 5; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * * * *
i=2
j=1

33. Combining
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j = 1; j <= 5; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * * * *
i=2
j=2

34. Combining
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j = 1; j <= 5; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * * *
* *
i=2
j=2

35. Combining
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j = 1; j <= 5; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * * *
* *
i=2
j=3

36. Combining
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j = 1; j <= 5; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * * *
* * *
i=2
j=3

37. Combining
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j = 1; j <= 5; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * * *
* * *
i=2
j=4

38. Combining
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j = 1; j <= 5; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * * *
* * * *
i=2
j=4

39. Combining
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j = 1; j <= 5; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * * *
* * * *
i=2
j=5

40. Combining
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j = 1; j <= 5; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * * *
i=2
j=5
oops!!!

41. Goal vs Actual Goal * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Actual
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Actual
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
i=1
i=2
j=5
i=3
j=4
i=4
j=3
i=5
j=2
j=1

42. Fixed
for (int i=1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j=1; j <= 5 – i + 1; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
i=1
j=?

43. Fixed
for (int i=1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j=1; j <= 5 – i + 1; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
i=1
j=1

44. Fixed
for (int i=1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j=1; j <= 5 – i + 1; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values *
i=1
j=1

45. Fixed
for (int i=1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j=1; j <= 5 – i + 1; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values *
i=1
j=2

46. Fixed
for (int i=1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j=1; j <= 5 – i + 1; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* *
i=1
j=2

47. Fixed
for (int i=1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j=1; j <= 5 – i + 1; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* *
i=1
j=3

48. Fixed
for (int i=1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j=1; j <= 5 – i + 1; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * *
i=1
j=3

49. Fixed
for (int i=1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j=1; j <= 5 – i + 1; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * *
i=1
j=4

50. Fixed
for (int i=1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j=1; j <= 5 – i + 1; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * *
i=1
j=4

51. Fixed
for (int i=1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j=1; j <= 5 – i + 1; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * *
i=1
j=5

52. Fixed
for (int i=1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j=1; j <= 5 – i + 1; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * * *
i=1
j=5

53. Fixed
for (int i=1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j=1; j <= 5 – i + 1; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * * *
i=1
j=6

54. Fixed
for (int i=1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j=1; j <= 5 – i + 1; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * * *
i=1
j=6

55. Fixed
for (int i=1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j=1; j <= 5 – i + 1; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * * *
i=2
j=?

56. Fixed
for (int i=1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j=1; j <= 5 – i + 1; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * * *
i=2
j=1

57. Fixed
for (int i=1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j=1; j <= 5 – i + 1; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * * * *
i=2
j=1

58. Fixed
for (int i=1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j=1; j <= 5 – i + 1; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * * * *
i=2
j=2

59. Fixed
for (int i=1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j=1; j <= 5 – i + 1; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * * *
* *
i=2
j=2

60. Fixed
for (int i=1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j=1; j <= 5 – i + 1; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * * *
* *
i=2
j=3

61. Fixed
for (int i=1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j=1; j <= 5 – i + 1; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * * *
* * *
i=2
j=3

62. Fixed
for (int i=1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j=1; j <= 5 – i + 1; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * * *
* * *
i=2
j=4

63. Fixed
for (int i=1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j=1; j <= 5 – i + 1; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * * *
* * * *
i=2
j=4

64. Fixed
for (int i=1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j=1; j <= 5 – i + 1; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * * *
* * * *
i=2
j=5

65. Fixed
for (int i=1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j=1; j <= 5 – i + 1; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * * *
* * * *
i=2
j=5

66. Fixed
for (int i=1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j=1; j <= 5 – i + 1; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * * *
* * * *
i=3
j=?

67. Fixed
for (int i=1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j=1; j <= 5 – i + 1; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * * *
* * * *
i=3
j=1

68. Fixed
for (int i=1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j=1; j <= 5 – i + 1; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * * *
* * * * *
i=3
j=1

69. Fixed
for (int i=1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j=1; j <= 5 – i + 1; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * * *
* * * * *
i=3
j=2

70. Fixed
for (int i=1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j=1; j <= 5 – i + 1; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * * *
* * * *
* *
i=3
j=2

71. Fixed
for (int i=1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j=1; j <= 5 – i + 1; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * * *
* * * *
* *
i=3
j=3

72. Fixed
for (int i=1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j=1; j <= 5 – i + 1; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * * *
* * * *
* * *
i=3
j=3

73. Fixed
for (int i=1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j=1; j <= 5 – i + 1; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * * *
* * * *
* * *
i=3
j=4

74. Fixed
for (int i=1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j=1; j <= 5 – i + 1; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * * *
* * * *
* * *
i=3
j=4

75. Fixed
for (int i=1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j=1; j <= 5 – i + 1; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * * *
* * * *
* * *
i=4
j=?

76. Fixed
for (int i=1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j=1; j <= 5 – i + 1; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * * *
* * * *
* * *
i=4
j=1

77. Fixed
for (int i=1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j=1; j <= 5 – i + 1; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * * *
* * * *
* * * *
i=4
j=1

78. Fixed
for (int i=1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j=1; j <= 5 – i + 1; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * * *
* * * *
* * * *
i=4
j=2

79. Fixed
for (int i=1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j=1; j <= 5 – i + 1; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * * *
* * * *
* * *
* *
i=4
j=2

80. Fixed
for (int i=1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j=1; j <= 5 – i + 1; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * * *
* * * *
* * *
* *
i=4
j=3

81. Fixed
for (int i=1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j=1; j <= 5 – i + 1; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * * *
* * * *
* * *
* *
i=4
j=3

82. Fixed
for (int i=1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j=1; j <= 5 – i + 1; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * * *
* * * *
* * *
* *
i=5
j=?

83. Fixed
for (int i=1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j=1; j <= 5 – i + 1; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * * *
* * * *
* * *
* *
i=5
j=1

84. Fixed
for (int i=1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j=1; j <= 5 – i + 1; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * * *
* * * *
* * *
* * *
i=5
j=1

85. Fixed
for (int i=1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j=1; j <= 5 – i + 1; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * * *
* * * *
* * *
* * *
i=5
j=2

86. Fixed
for (int i=1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j=1; j <= 5 – i + 1; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * * *
* * * *
* * *
* * *
i=5
j=2

87. Fixed
for (int i=1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j=1; j <= 5 – i + 1; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * * *
* * * *
* * *
* * *
i=6
j=?

88. Fixed
for (int i=1; i <= 5; i++) {     for (int j=1; j <= 5 – i + 1; j++)           cout << "* ";                           cout << endl; }
output
variable values
* * * * *
* * * *
* * *
* * *
i=6
j=?

89. Goal Output
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

90. Solution Rows * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
for (short i = 0; i < 5; i++) {     for (short j = 1; j <= i; j++)         cout << " ";     for (short j = i; j < 5; j++)         cout << "* ";     cout << endl; }
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

91. Solution Spaces * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
for (short i = 0; i < 5; i++) {     for (short j = 1; j <= i; j++)         cout << " ";     for (short j = i; j < 5; j++)         cout << "* ";     cout << endl; }
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

92. Solution Stars * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
for (short i = 0; i < 5; i++) {     for (short j = 1; j <= i; j++)         cout << " ";     for (short j = i; j < 5; j++)         cout << "* ";     cout << endl; }
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

93. Out of Scope
for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++)   cout << “hello” << endl; cout << i << endl;

94. Out of Scope for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++)
{   cout << “hello” << endl;
} cout << i << endl;

95. Fixed Scope int main() { int i; for (i = 1; i <= 10; i++)
{      cout << “hello” << endl;
} cout << i << endl;
return 0; }

96. Duplicate Variables int main() { int i = 20;
for (int i =1; i <= 10; i++)
{      cout << “hello” << endl;
} cout << i << endl;
return 0; }

97. End of Session