1. Microbiome Medicine: This Changes Everything
John C. Alverdy, MD, FACS 
Journal of the American College of Surgeons 
Volume 226, Issue 5, Pages (May 2018)
DOI: /j.jamcollsurg
Copyright © 2018 American College of Surgeons Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Multiple lifestyle inputs into the microbiome-host interactome that can shape an individual's immune response to surgical injury. MAP, mitogen-activated protein; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; PAMPs, pathogen-associated molecular patterns; PRR, pathogen-related receptor; SSI, surgical site infection; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.
Journal of the American College of Surgeons  , DOI: ( /j.jamcollsurg )
Copyright © 2018 American College of Surgeons Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
Proposed mechanism by which the intestinal microbiome influences the host response to surgical injury. (A) Sequence of events by which surgical injury leads to a pathoadaptive response of the microbiome adversely affecting the recovery process. (B) Potential mechanisms by which enhanced recovery programs after surgery (ERAS) lead to a state of molecular détente between the host and its microbiome and promote recovery. MAP, mitogen-activated protein; PAMPs, pathogen-associated molecular patterns; PRR, pathogen-related receptor; SSI, surgical site infection; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.
Journal of the American College of Surgeons  , DOI: ( /j.jamcollsurg )
Copyright © 2018 American College of Surgeons Terms and Conditions