1. Unit 2B: The Criminal Justice Process

2. Steps In a Trial - Felony
1. Crime Occurs
9. Trial or Guilty Plea
2. Investigation
10. Sentencing
3. Arrest
Probation
4. Booking
If violated, the defendant must go to prison
5. Initial Appearance
Prison
6. Preliminary Hearing
After a successful sentence is completed, parole may be assigned. If parole is violated, the defendant will return to prison.
If a judge deems it necessary, at this point, a grand jury will meet to decide whether or not the suspect should stand trial. If the grand jury decides they should, the suspect will be indicted.
Death Penalty
7. Bail or Detention
Acquittal
8. Pre-Trial Activities
Plea Bargains, Motions

3. Booking
Booking is the formal process of making a record of an arrest. During booking, the accused must provide:
Name
Date of Birth
Address
Employer
Details of Previous Arrests
At the time of the booking, the accused will be finger printed and photographed. They may also have blood drawn and/or a urine sample taken.

4. Initial Appearance
At an initial appearance, the accused will appear before a magistrate to be informed of their charges and their rights.
The accused will be told what their bail will be, if a bail is allowed for them.
The accused will be appointed an attorney if they do not already have one.
If the crime committed was a misdemeanor, the accused can enter their plea (guilty or not guilty) at the initial appearance.

5. Preliminary Hearing
If the case is a felony case, it will go to preliminary hearing after the initial appearance.
The prosecutor must establish that the accused probably committed the crime.
They may use witnesses and physical evidence.
Many states use preliminary hearings instead of grand juries, and it still satisfies due process.
If the accused is arraigned, they may enter a plea (guilty or not guilty).
50% of the states require that after a preliminary hearing, the case is handed over to a grand jury.

6. Grand Jury
A grand jury meets to decide if there is sufficient evidence for the accused to stand trial.
They will receive evidence from the prosecution and can question witnesses.
The accused is not present at the grand jury hearing.
If the grand jury thinks the accused should stand trial, they will sign an indictment.

7. Bail or Detention?
Following a preliminary hearing, the defendant will either be sentenced to detention (jail) or they will be let out on bail.
Bail is a way for the court to insure that the defendant will return for trial. If the person released does not return, the court keeps the money.
If a defendant can not afford bail, they can receive help from a bail bond agency.
If a defendant is granted personal recognizance, they will be released until the trial without having to pay any money.
If the crime is particularly bad or the defendant is a major flight risk or they are not able to pay any amount of bail, they will be put in jail until the trial.

8. Pre-Trial Activities Motion for Dismissal Motion for Severance
Motion to Suppress Evidence
Motion for Discovery
Motion for Change of Venue
Motion for Continuance