1. Cotton, Slavery and the Old South
Chapter 11

2. Early South
Upper South - tobacco
*market unstable
*uses up soil
*some shift to
Other crops

3. Lower South:
Rice – possible in few places
Sugar – labor intensive, need $

4. Many turn to Short-Staple Cotton
*Grows in variety of climates

5. Problem:
Hard to get out seed
Production is limited by ability to clean cotton

6. Cotton Gin by
Eli Whitney

8. Cotton Gin solves final bottle neck in textile production, enough cotton

9. Effect of IR on Cotton Production
,000 bales
,000,000 bales
5,000,000 bales
2/3 of total exports $200,000,000

11. KING COTTON

12. Cotton production in the deep South lead to shift in slave population away from Chesapeake region

14. Southern Industry and Trade
Majority of trade in South due to cotton
Planters use a broker or ‘factor’ to find a buyer for the cotton

15. Since the South had not developed a merchant class, most brokers were found in the North
South did not develop a complex banking system-often went to factor for loans

16. Transportation limited
$ not put into canals and railroads
What track they have is not a network

17. Why not a diverse economy?
*Lots of $ in cotton & other crops
*Legacy of Jefferson anti big city and industry

18. James De Bow
*De Bow’s Review
*Economic Independence from North

19. SOUTHERN SOCIETY
Southern Society

20. Nottaway Plantation

21. Percent of Southern Population that owned Slaves5%
383,637

22. Percent of Families that owned Slaves
20-25%

23. LARGE PLANTER
At least 800 acres
At least 50 slaves
2,292 owned over 100
Top of society – have power

24. Southern Women
*Less educated *Less involved *More subservient *More involved in farm

25. Education
*Beyond basic ed only for sons of wealthy
*Many educated at military schools VMI

26. Thomas Jackson
Stonewall

27. Plain Folk *Most small farmers
*Few own slaves *Connected to large planters: need access to Gins, markets, credit *Limited chance of advancement

28. Hill People
*Live in Hill country or backwoods-Appalachian/Ozarks *Subsistence farming *Dislike slavery and Planters

30. POOR WHITE TRASH LOVE SLAVERY
* ½ million *Worst land-few own land *renters, squaters *Hunt, forage, work as common laborer
LOVE SLAVERY

31. THE PECULIAR INSTITUTION

32. Slave Laws
* Can’t own property * Can’t leave w/o permission * Can’t be out after dark * Can’t congregate with other slaves * Can’t carry firearms * Can’t strike whites * Can’t testify against whites * Can’t teach slaves to read/write

33. Cotton Gin increases value of slaves
A slave in 1800 that cost $ by 1840 cost $

34. *large plantation vs. small farm
Working conditions for slaves based on where you are owned & work performed
*large plantation vs. small farm
*plantation vs. city
*field vs. house

35. About 250,000 free blacks in the South
Laws that restrict them
*outlawed from certain occupations
*can’t supervise whites

36. Domestic slave trade important to the system
Need to transfer slaves to growing parts of the South
835,000 shipped to deep South from Chesapeake

37. Planters need this trade but show guilt by assigning slave traders a low social position

45. Justification of Slavery
Positive good
Necessary evil

46. J. H. Hammond

47. SLAVE REBELLIONS

48. 1800-Gabriel Prosser 1000 slaves
1822-Denmark Vesey
1831-Nat Turner Virginia killed 60 whites over 100 executed