1. Closed-Loop System

2. Closed-Loop Control System

4. Amplifier with Feedback
Open-Loop Amplifier
Amplifier with Feedback

5. Block diagram model of feedback amplifier assuming Rp>>R0 of the amplifier.

14. Transient Response of Control Systems

15. Open-loop speed control system (without feedback).

16. Closed-loop speed control system.
(b) Transistorized closed-loop speed control system.

19. The response of the open-loop and closed-loop speed control system when τ 5 10 and K1. Ka. Kt =100. The time to reach 98% of the final value for the open-loop and closed- loop system is 40 seconds and 0.4 second,respectively.

20. Disturbance in Feedback Control System

21. Steel rolling mill.

22. Open-loop speed control system (without external feedback).

24. Closed-loop speed tachometer control system

25. Closed-loop system. (a) Block diagram model.
(b) Signal-flow graph model.

27. Closed-loop control system with measurement noise.

31. A block diagram model of a boring machine control system

32. The response y(t) to (a) a unit input step r(t) and
(b) a unit disturbance step input D(s) 5 1/s for K=100.

33. The response y(t) for a unit step input (solid line) and for a unit step disturbance (dashed line) for K=20.

34. The solar-powered Mars rover,named Sojourner,landed on Mars on July 4,1997 andwas deployed on its journey on July 5,1997. The 23-pound rover is controlled by anoperator on Earth using controls on the rover [21,22]. (Photo courtesy of NASA.)

35. Control system for rover; (a) open-loop (without feedback) and (b) closed-loop with feedback. The input is R(s)=1/s.

36. The magnitude of the sensitivity of the closed-loop system for the Mars rover vehicle.

37. Control system for disk drive head reader.

38. Disk drive head control system with the typical parameters of Table 2

39. Closed-loop response.
MATLABscript.
(b) Step response for Ka=10 and Ka=80.

40. Disturbance step response. (a) MATLABscript.
(b) Disturbance response for Ka=80.

41. A single-loop feedback control system.
(b) The error response for a unit step disturbance when R(s) 0