1. History of Government

2. First Civilizations- River Valleys
Earliest States
Egypt
Mesopotamia
India
China
Fertile river valleys
Grow crops = Healthy people = Population increase
Transportation
Protection

3. Why do we need government?
Protection
To meet basic needs safely (provide)

4. Hammurabi’s Code
Around 1750BCE a warrior King named Hammurabi took power in Babylon
His people had different customs and laws
He unified them all under a single code…
So that there was no dispute what the law was…
He placed them in the center of town
All the laws had a punishment

5. Some of the laws of Hammurabi’s code
“if a man practice robbery and be captured, that man shall be put to death”
“If a son has struck his father, they shall cut off his hand”
“Eye for an eye”
If a builder builds you a house and it falls down and kills your son, you get to kill the builder’s son.
If your home catches fire and while you are out getting water to put it out somebody comes by and steals from you, they get thrown into the fire.

6. Who Can Participate Democracy- supreme political rest with the people
Direct Democracy- “pure” everyone has a vote
Indirect (Representative/ Republic) Democracy- people vote for a representative to express popular will
United States

7. Athens vs Rome Athens Rome Birthplace Democracy
Only males citizens voted in assembly
Ostracism- (vote) unpopular people kicked out of Athens for 10 years
What about women, slaves & men w/out property?
Republic- representative government

8. Other governments
Dictatorship- quick decisions, people belong to the state, answer to dictator
Autocracy- government single person holds unlimited political power
Monarchy- one person has the power- king,

9. Patriotism vs Nationalism
pride and devotion for one’s country
pride for one’s country
More intense
We are better than you

10. Characteristics of Democracy
1. Worth of an Individual
2. Equality of all persons
3. Majority rule, minority rights
4. Necessity of compromise
5. Individual freedom
6. Free Election
7. Competing Political Parties

11. Essential Elements for a Democracy
Citizen Participation- vote, juries, inform
Favorable Economy- large middle class
Free enterprise; private ownership
Widespread Educations
Strong Civil Society- private, nongovernmental (Red Cross)
Social Consensus- accept liberty, equality limits of gov.

12. Summary
Write question and answer or write answer in complete sentence restating the question.
What were the characteristics of the 1st civilizations? Name one of the 1st States?
Why do we need government?
Explain the difference b/t a direct & indirect democracy.
Describe the difference b/t democracy in Rome & Athens.
Explain the difference b/t patriotism and nationalism