1. CHAPTER 1 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
BASIC ELECTRICITY
CHAPTER 1
ATOMIC STRUCTURE

3. TERMS TO KNOW ALTERNATING CURRENT(AC) ATOM ATTRACTION
CENTRIFUGAL FORCE
CONDUCTORS
DIRECT CURRENT (DC)
ELECTRON
ELECTRON ORBITS
INSULATORS
MATTER
NEGATIVE
NEUTRON
NUCLEUS
POSITIVE
PROTON
SEMICONDUCTORS
VALENCE ELECTRONS

4. HISTORY OF ELECTRICITY
GREEKS DISCOVERED 2500 YEARS AGO
USED PRACTICALLY ABOUT 100 YEARS
AMBER BECAME CHARGED WHEN RUBBED WITH OTHER MATERIALS: ATTRACTED THINGS LIKE LEAVES, FEATHERS, BITS OF CLOTH
THE WORD ELECTRIC COMES FROM THE WORD “ELEKTRON”

5. LIST A: POSITIVE
LIST B: NEGATIVE

6. STUDY OF ATOMS ATOM IS THE BUILDING BLOCK OF UNIVERSE
ALL MATTER IS MADE FROM A COMBINATION OF ATOMS
MATTER IS ANY SUBSTANCE THAT HAS MASS AND TAKES UP SPACE
MATTER CAN EXIST IN THREE FORMS: SOLID, LIQUID, OR GAS
ELEMENT: CAN’T BE DIVIDED INTO A SIMPLER SUBSTANCE

7. STUDY OF ATOMS
THREE STATES OF WATER

8. THREE PARTS OF AN ATOM: 1.ELECTRON 2. PROTON 3.NEUTRON
NUCLEUS: PROTON AND NEUTRON
NOTICE THE CHARGES OF EACH PART

10. PROTON=POSITIVE CHARGE
ELECTRON=NEGATIVE
CHARGE

11. Opposite charges attract and like charges repel
LAW OF CHARGES….
Opposite charges attract and like charges repel

14. VALENCE ELECTRONS OUTER SHELL OF ATOM IS KNOWN AS “VALENCE SHELL”
ELECTRONS LOCATED IN OUTER SHELL ARE “VALENCE ELECTRONS”
THE VALENCE SHELL CAN’T HOLD MORE THAN 8 ELECTRONS

15. COPPER: GOOD CONDUCTOR BECAUSE OF ONLY ONE VALENCE ELECTRON

16. CURRENT FLOW HAPPENS WHEN ELECTRONS MOVE FROM
ATOM TO ATOM.

18. INSULATORS: HAVE 7 OR 8 ELECTRONS IN VALENCE SHELL
SEMICONDUCTORS: HAVE 4 ELECRONS IN VALENCE SHELL

19. CONDUCTORS THEY HAVE ONLY 1 OR 2 VALENCE ELECTRONS:
THEY GIVE UP THOSE ELECTRONS EASILY WITH LITTLE EFFORT
THEY ALLOW CURRENT FLOW EASILY: LOW RESISTANCE!!!!!!

20. EXAMPLES OF GOOD CONDUCTORS
SILVER: 1 VALENCE ELECTRON
COPPER: 1 VALENCE ELECTRON
GOLD: 1 VALENCE ELECTRON
ALUMINUM: 3 VALENCE ELECTRON
PLATINUM: 1 VALENCE ELECTRON

21. INSULATORS MATERIALS THAT HAVE 7 OR 8 VALENCE ELECTRONS
RESIST FLOW OF ELECTRICITY
ELECTRONS ARE HELD TIGHTLY AND ARE NOT GIVEN UP EASILY

22. EXAMPLES OF INSULATORS
RUBBER
PLASTIC
GLASS
WOOD

23. SEMICONDUCTORS MATERIALS THAT HAVE 4 VALENCE ELECTRONS
ARE NEITHER GOOD FOR CONDUCTORS OR INSULATORS
USED TO MAKE DIODES AND TRANSISTORS
COMPUTORS ARE FULL OF SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIAL
SILICON AND GERMANIUM MOST COMMON USED

24. METHODS OF PRODUCING ELECTRICITY
MAGNETISM=GENERATOR
CHEMICAL=BATTERY
PRESSURE=PIEZO SENSORS
HEAT=THERMOCOUPLES
FRICTION=STATIC
LIGHT=PHOTO ELECTRIC

25. REVIEW….. OPEN THE BOOKS TO SUMMARY AT END OF CHAPTER.
DO THE REVIEW QUESTIONS IN CLASS.