1. Caffeine plus nicotine improves motor function, spatial and non-spatial working memory and functional indices in BALB/c male mice 
P.A. Adeniyi, E.P. Omatsuli, A.J. Akinyemi, A.O. Ishola 
Pathophysiology 
Volume 23, Issue 4, Pages (December 2016)
DOI: /j.pathophys
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2. Fig. 1
Co-administration of caffeine and nicotine increases spatial working memory (memory index) in mice using Y-Maze test. Data are presented as mean±SEM (n=5). p<0.05 (α: Control vs Caffeine; β: Control vs Nicotine; γ: Control vs Nicotine+Caffeine).
Pathophysiology  , DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
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3. Fig. 2
Co-administration of caffeine and nicotine increase non-spatial working memory (memory index) in mice using Novel recognition Test (NOR) test. Data are presented as mean±SEM (n=5). p<0.05 (α: Control vs Caffeine; β: Control vs Nicotine; γ: Control vs Nicotine+Caffeine).
Pathophysiology  , DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
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4. Fig. 3
Caffeine and Nicotine increase the latency of fall in experimental animals. Control group has the lowest latency of fall while Caffeine+Nicotine group has the highest group. p<0.05 (α: Control vs Caffeine; β: Control vs Nicotine; γ: Control vs Caffeine+Nicotine).
Pathophysiology  , DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
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5. Fig. 4
Co-administration of caffeine and nicotine decease acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in brain of mice. Data are presented as mean±SEM (n=5). p<0.05 (α: Control vs Caffeine; β: Control vs Nicotine; γ: Control vs Caffeine+Nicotine; ϕ: Nicotine vs Caffeine+Nicotine; λ: Caffeine vs Caffeine+Nicotine).
Pathophysiology  , DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
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6. Fig. 5
Co-administration of caffeine and nicotine decrease adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in brain of mice. Data are presented as mean±SEM (n=5). p<0.05 (α: Control vs Caffeine; β: Control vs Nicotine; γ: Control vs Caffeine+Nicotine; ϕ: Nicotine vs Caffeine+Nicotine; λ: Caffeine vs Caffeine+Nicotine).
Pathophysiology  , DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
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7. Fig. 6
Co-administration of caffeine and nicotine decrease arginase (Arg) activity in brain of mice. Data are presented as mean±SEM (n=5). p<0.05 (α: Control vs Caffeine; β: Control vs Caffeine+Nicotine).
Pathophysiology  , DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
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8. Fig. 7
Co-administration of caffeine and nicotine increase nitric oxide (NO) level in brain of mice. Data are presented as mean±SEM (n=5). p<0.05 (α: Control vs Caffeine; β: Control vs Nicotine; γ: Control vs Caffeine+Nicotine).
Pathophysiology  , DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
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9. Fig. 8 Showing the NOR protocol set up (A) and Y – maze (B).
Pathophysiology  , DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
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10. Fig. 9
Nicotine decrease body weight of mice. Data are presented as mean±SEM (n=5). The nicotine group shed body weight unlike caffeine treated group. Also, impact of caffeine doesn’t significantly reduce the impact of nicotine on weight loss.
Pathophysiology  , DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
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11. Fig. 10
Co-administration of caffeine and nicotine decrease malondialdehyde (MDA) activity in brain of mice. p<0.05 (α: Control vs Caffeine; β: Control vs Nicotine; γ: Control vs Caffeine+Nicotine).
Pathophysiology  , DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
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12. Fig. 11
Co-administration of caffeine and nicotine has no significant impact on superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in brain of mice. No statistical significant different.
Pathophysiology  , DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
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13. Fig. 12
Caffeine increase catalase (CAT) activity in brain of mice. p<0.05 (α: Control vs Caffeine; β: Caffeine vs Nicotine; γ: Caffeine vs Caffeine+Nicotine).
Pathophysiology  , DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
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